Agriculture Flashcards
Primary economic activities
Products closest to the ground
- ranching
- hunting
- fishing
Organic agriculture
The production of crops without the use of synthetic or industrially produced pesticides and fertilizers
Secondary economic activities
Activities that take a primary product and manufacture it
Tertiary economic activities
Part of the service industry and connecting producers to consumers and facilitating commerce and trade.
Quaternary economic activity
Service sector industries concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation or information and capital.
Quinary economic activity
Service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill
Plant domestication
Genetic modification of a plant such that is reproductive success depends on human intervention
Root crops
Crops that are reproduced by cultivating either the roots are cuttings from the plants
First agricultural Revolution
Dating back 10000 years, the First Agricultural Revolution achieved plant domestication and animal domestication
Animal domestication
Genetic modification of an animal such that it is rendered more amenable to human control
Subsistence Agriculture
Growing only enough food to survive
Shifting cultivation
Cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forestland
Second agricultural revolution
Dovetailing with and benefiting from the industrial revolution, the second agricultural revolution witnessed improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce
The Von Thünen model
A model that explains the location of agricultural activities in a commercial, profit making economy. A process of spatial competition allocates various farming activities into rings around a central market city, with profit-earning capability the determining force in how far a crop locates from the market.
The Third Agricultural Revolution
Currently in progress, the Third Agricultural process has as its principal orientation the development of Genetically Modified Organisms
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods
Rectangular survey system
(Public land survey) the system was is by the US land office survey to parcel land west of the Appalachian Mountains. The system divides land into series of rectangular parcels.
Township and range system
A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the US interior
Metes and bounds survey
A system of land surveying east of the Appalachian mountains. A system that relies on description of land ownership and natural features such as streams or tress. US land office survey abandoned the technique for rectangular survey system
Longlot survey system
Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian maritimes. Where land is divided by narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals
Primogeniture
Where all land goes to the oldest son
Commercial agriculture
Large scale farming and ranching operations that employ vast land bases, large mechanized equipment, factory type labor forces, and the latest technology
Monoculture
Dependence on a single agricultural commodity
Köppen climate classification system
-wladimir köppen
A system for classifying the world’s climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation
Climate regions
Areas with similar climatic characteristics
Plantation agriculture
Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop
Luxury crops
Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco
Livestock ranching
The raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat and other hyproducts such as leather and wool
Mediterranean agriculture
Specialized farming that occurs only in areas where dry summer Mediterranean climate prevails
