DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
define development
improvement of quality of life through social and economical progresses
name 7 types of development
social (housing, education, healthcare)
economic (tertiary)
ciltural (equality/ discrimination)
political (freedom)
technological (mechanisation/ internet)
biospherical (sustainable use of resources)
food and water security
food and water security definition
constant access to a safe, sufficient supply of food and water
how many people in 2015 suffered from lack of food security
800 million
define sectoral shifts
development in the EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE of the economy
name 4 measurements of development
GDP
HDI
gini coefficient
CPI
talk about GDP
total value of goods/ services produced in a year
:) it shows the country’s overall wealth, therefore reflecting people’s quality of life
:( assumes equal disribution of wealth
talk about HDI
a composite measure of:
Life expectancy at birth
Mean years of schooling
gross national income per capita
:) social and economic indicators give a holistic picture of develop
:( it does not consider the variation within indicator
talk about gini coefficient
measure of inequality 0-1
:) shows wealth gap across regions
:( it does not indicate the overall welth of a country
talk about CPI
perceived level of government corruption
:) evalutes the effectiveness of government across multple aspects
:( perception towards corruption is subjective
explain with evidence 3 reasons for uneven devlopment in the UK
- physical
–> SE has less rainfall, so it is more plesant to live in
–> SE is also flatter, so it is easier to build urban settlement upon - economical
–> London is where most foreign investment is located in, bringing business opportunities - political
–> London is where the seat of the govenment is located, so businesses set up there for first hand information
explain with exvidence three reasons for uneven global develpmenet
- uneven climate, link it to growing crops (undernousihed, lowered exports, more money spent on imports)
-if they have FDI
multiplier effect
(investment, infrasturcture, local business grows, attracts more foreign investments)
- colonialism
benefit from colonies’ cheap imports and seel products back to colonies at a much higher price
name 4 international strategies to cope with uneven development
aid
international org
top down
bottom up
define development gap
development gap is the widening levels of difference between developed and developing countries
define AID and the four types of AID
AID = transfer of capital in the form of gifts/ loans to help developing countries
bilateral= one country to another
mulilateral= gov to intenation org to developing countries
voluntary= gov to NGOs
offical= individual donations to NGOs
what do international organisations do and what are their limitations?
they agree the distribution of aid to differnent sectors in developing countries
however, EU priorities health over banking, showing that aid doesn’t actually fund development
top down projects to help developing countires develop
3 Gorges Dam
- significant energy output (10% China’s energy)
- job opportunities (40,000)
-debt (1.3 billion)
bottom up projects to aid developing countriess
small scale water heaters in India
- decreases CO2 emissions by 3 tonnes a year
decreases expenses by 30% for families in India
-does not meet large scale hot water needs in an industrial setting
2 geographical features of Tanzania?
- central eastern africa
- borders the indian ocean
8 marker reasons for uneven development in Tanzania
- physical
kilimanjoro, tallest mountain in Africa
serengeti, big five animals
–> tourism - economical
dodoma, new captial city, affect investment and trade
BUT it is located along the trans african highway, so we can argue that physical is more imporant - historical
Dar es salaam was the historical captial, so it contains main industries
8 marker how does trade affect Tanzania’s development?
:) creates jobs
:) boost economy (Tazania’s biggest export is gold)
:( trade trap (exports raw cotton but imports cars and computers)
8 marker how does aid affect Tanzania’s development?
:) social development (500 million spent on health in 2013)
:( debt (38% of country’s GDP in 2022)
:( economic dependency (50 million spent on education)
8 marker how does investment affect Tanzania’s development?
:) williamson Diamond Mine provides orkers with village with sports facilities eg golf and pools
:) Geita gold mine provides jobs for 3750 people
:( ethical costs: abuse, compensation paid to 71 people
define trade
the transfer of money for profit
