Development Flashcards
3 Main Aspects of Development
- Economic
- Social
- Environmental
Important qualities of Development
- It always involved change
- The process that happens over time
- Progress/improvements affecting people’s lives
Development Indicators
- Diet
- Types of jobs
- Infant mortality
- Population growth
- Exports
- People per doctor
- Life expectancy
- Housing
- Energy
- Literacy levels
- GDP %
Types of jobs
Economic
LDC: the majority of people are involved in the primary sector (usually farming)
MDC: the majority of people are involved in secondary and tertiary activities with a rapidly growing quaternary sector.
Infant mortality
Social
LDC: high IMR (because of bad health care/no doctors/nurses/vaccines: lack of education/resources) plus high number of children under 5 who die.
MDC: low IMR (good health care, educated doctors/nurses available, many vaccines: have resources/income) not many children deaths under 5.
Population Growth
Social
LDC: large families, rapid population growth (can double in less than 30 years). Want their children to work for them/help with work: free labour
MDC: slow population growth (people have smaller families). Understand the costs of having more children, access to contraception, gender equality
Exports
Economic
LDC: export unprocessed raw materials
MDC: export large amounts of manufactured goods
People per doctor
Social
LDC: large numbers of people per doctor (approximately 3000)
MDC: fewer people per doctor (approximately 500)
Life expectancy
Social
LDC: often under 45 years
MDC: usually over 70 years. Women tend to live longer than men, no average
Housing
Social/economic
LDC: often temporary houses, can be informal, with very few facilities
MDC: housing is of a high standard and most have electricity, water, sewerage and waste disposal
Energy
Economic
LDC: low levels of energy consumption, people use wood/gas/paraffin/solar cookers
MDC: high levels of energy consumption, MEDC’s use 80% of world energy supply. Many electrical appliances in and around the home, private motor vehicles, all with a reliance on fossil fuels
Literacy levels
Social
LDC: few have formal education so few can read and write
MDC: high literacy levels, majority of population can read and write, and are educated beyond 16 years of age
GDP per capita
Main Economic
LDC: low personal person GDP. Many people live below the breadline, some existing on $1/day
MDC: high per person GDP
GDP per capita
Main Economic
LDC: low personal person GDP. Many people live below the breadline, some existing on $1/day
MDC: high per person GDP
Primary sector
Includes people dealing directly with RAW materials from earth, e.g. farming, fishing, forestry, mining/hunting
Secondary sector
Involved with Manufacturing (PROCESSING) raw materials in industries, e.g. fruit canning industry, furniture factory
Tertiary sector
Involved with Trade of the manufactured goods/raw materials; and services necessary to support all the other sectors (Trade = buying selling services, teachers etc.
Quaternary sector
Has growth with the development of the www (world wide web). It is involved with handling vast amounts of information, e.g. IT companies and universities
Quinary
CEO’s and government officials
Diet
Social
LDC: people may be undernourished, there is not alot of food to eat, little variety. Meat is a luxury
MDC: people may be malnourished as they rely on processed foods and do not get a enough necessary vitamins or minerals. High cholesterol and obesity are present
