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Geography > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Development

A

A process of change and improvement that helps people have a better quality of life and standard of living - making things better

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2
Q

Standard of living

A

Whether a person has access to many (basic needs). Material well being of the average person in a given population

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3
Q

Quality of life

A

How you feel, safe, secure, belonging etc. not how much money you have

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4
Q

HDI

A

Calculated using Life expectancy, Adult literacy levels and GDP per capita

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5
Q

GDP

A

Gross Domestic Product. Amount/total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year (per capita - per person - divided by the number of people/population)

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6
Q

Infant mortality

A

Number of babies per 1000 births who die within their first year of life

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7
Q

Life expectancy

A

Average age a person can expect to reach

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8
Q

Levels of literacy rate

A

Percentage of population over age 15 who can read and write

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9
Q

Diet

A

The amount and type of food intake the majority of the population receives (average)

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10
Q

Types of jobs

A

Whether a majority of the people are involved in the Primary, Secondary, Tertiary/Quaternary Sectors/unemployed

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11
Q

Infant morality rate

A

(As a percentage) the number of babes who die in a country who are under 1 year

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12
Q

Population growth

A

This is how fast a population increases/decreases

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13
Q

Exports

A

Whether a country exports raw materials (earns less forex)/processed goods (earns more forex)

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14
Q

Life expectancy

A

Gives the AVERAGE number of years a person can expect to live

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15
Q

Housing

A

The quality of the housing and the permanency

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16
Q

Energy

A

How people obtain power for carrying out basic needs

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17
Q

Literacy levels

A

How educated a country/region is. This refers to the percentage of the adult population who can read and write

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18
Q

Colonialism

A

The practice of gaining political and economic control over another country usually for their own use

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19
Q

Trade

A

The exchange of goods from one person/country to another

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20
Q

Export (definition)

A

Country sells goods to other countries

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21
Q

Import

A

Country buys goods from other countries

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22
Q

Trade deficit

A

When the value of a country’s import are higher than its exports

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23
Q

Trade surplus

A

When the value of a country’s exports are higher than its imports

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24
Q

Vicious cycle

A

A process that returns to its starting point with no improvement

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25
Q

Industrialisation

A

When a large part of a country’s economy is based on producing goods factories

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26
Q

Political stability

A

Allows people in a country to exercise the human rights freely

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27
Q

Development strategy

A

A plan to bring about progress through development projects

28
Q

Trade gap

A

Differences in prices of primary products verses secondary manufactured products

29
Q

Fair trade

A

An alternative approach to conventional trade and is based on a partnership between products and consumers

30
Q

Alternative development

A

Focuses on providing basic human needs and reducing poverty

31
Q

Conventional development

A

More concerned on a product with achieving economic growth through the use of technology and industry

32
Q

Benefication of minerals

A

Like diamonds, granite etc. should be processed into something of more value before being exported. Should increase employment and profits

33
Q

People per doctor

A

The level of health care in a country

34
Q

Sustainable development

A

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

35
Q

Weathering

A

The breaking down/dissolving of rocks and minerals on the Earths surface

36
Q

Erosion

A

The process that transports the bits of rocks/minerals away and further breaking down of rock takes place

37
Q

Chemical weathering

A

Occurs when rocks are broken down by chemical change

38
Q

Biological weathering

A

Takes place when living organisms wear rocks away

39
Q

Deposition

A

Laying down/dropping off of sediment carried by the wind, flowing water, the sea/ice

40
Q

River

A

Water flowing downhill through a channel/defined path

41
Q

Watershed

A

The highest land that separates the drainage basin

42
Q

Drainage basin

A

The area that drains tributaries into the main river

43
Q

Vertical erosion

A

A process where the river flows quickly cutting down into its riverbed

44
Q

Interlocking spurs

A

Ridges that alternate on either side of the river

45
Q

Waterfall

A

When a river plunges vertically over a rock face

46
Q

Gorge

A

A narrow steep sided feature left behind when a waterfall retreats upstream

47
Q

Rapids

A

Zone of turbulent white water

48
Q

Meanders

A

Bends in the river

49
Q

Ox-bow lakes

A

A shallow, crescent shaped lake formed when a river abandons a meander

50
Q

Floodplains

A

Wide flat deposits

51
Q

Bars

A

The islands of sediment that separate the channels

52
Q

Delta

A

Area of flat land, built up from silt and alluvium where the river flows into the sea

53
Q

Distributaries

A

The build up of sediment, that eventually interferes with the flow of the river, causing it to split into several channels

54
Q

Attrition

A

The load of the river banging against each other and wearing it down, making it smaller, smoother and rounder

55
Q

Abrasion

A

The load of a river wears the bed and banks down

56
Q

Hydraulic action

A

The force of water smashing against everything, wearing it down

57
Q

Solution/corrosion

A

Chemical weathering and the dissolving of minerals into the rivers water

58
Q

Physical weathering

A

Rocks and minerals are broken down into smaller pieces without chemical change

59
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between the peak of each wave/the top

60
Q

Gradient

A

Steepness of the slope

61
Q

Wave-cut platform

A

Gently sloping land at the foot of a retreating cliff

62
Q

Longshore drift

A

Repetitive process when the particle moves along the shoreline

63
Q

Prevailing wind direction

A

Prominent wind/strong wind in one direction

64
Q

Spit/sandspit

A

When the beach appears extended out into the sea

65
Q

Cape

A

Large headland that stretches into the sea

66
Q

Contour lines

A

A line on a map joining places of equal height above the sea level (altitude)

Geography (5 decks)

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