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Definitions Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Development

A

A process of change and improvement that helps people have a better quality of life and standard of living - making things better

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2
Q

Standard of living

A

Whether a person has access to many (basic needs). Material well being of the average person in a given population

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3
Q

Quality of life

A

How you feel, safe, secure, belonging etc. not how much money you have

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4
Q

HDI

A

Calculated using Life expectancy, Adult literacy levels and GDP per capita

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5
Q

GDP

A

Gross Domestic Product. Amount/total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year (per capita - per person - divided by the number of people/population)

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6
Q

Infant mortality

A

Number of babies per 1000 births who die within their first year of life

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7
Q

Life expectancy

A

Average age a person can expect to reach

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8
Q

Levels of literacy rate

A

Percentage of population over age 15 who can read and write

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9
Q

Diet

A

The amount and type of food intake the majority of the population receives (average)

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10
Q

Types of jobs

A

Whether a majority of the people are involved in the Primary, Secondary, Tertiary/Quaternary Sectors/unemployed

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11
Q

Infant morality rate

A

(As a percentage) the number of babes who die in a country who are under 1 year

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12
Q

Population growth

A

This is how fast a population increases/decreases

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13
Q

Exports

A

Whether a country exports raw materials (earns less forex)/processed goods (earns more forex)

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14
Q

Life expectancy

A

Gives the AVERAGE number of years a person can expect to live

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15
Q

Housing

A

The quality of the housing and the permanency

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16
Q

Energy

A

How people obtain power for carrying out basic needs

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17
Q

Literacy levels

A

How educated a country/region is. This refers to the percentage of the adult population who can read and write

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18
Q

Colonialism

A

The practice of gaining political and economic control over another country usually for their own use

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19
Q

Trade

A

The exchange of goods from one person/country to another

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20
Q

Export (definition)

A

Country sells goods to other countries

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21
Q

Import

A

Country buys goods from other countries

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22
Q

Trade deficit

A

When the value of a country’s import are higher than its exports

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23
Q

Trade surplus

A

When the value of a country’s exports are higher than its imports

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24
Q

Vicious cycle

A

A process that returns to its starting point with no improvement

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25
Industrialisation
When a large part of a country’s economy is based on producing goods factories
26
Political stability
Allows people in a country to exercise the human rights freely
27
Development strategy
A plan to bring about progress through development projects
28
Trade gap
Differences in prices of primary products verses secondary manufactured products
29
Fair trade
An alternative approach to conventional trade and is based on a partnership between products and consumers
30
Alternative development
Focuses on providing basic human needs and reducing poverty
31
Conventional development
More concerned on a product with achieving economic growth through the use of technology and industry
32
Benefication of minerals
Like diamonds, granite etc. should be processed into something of more value before being exported. Should increase employment and profits
33
People per doctor
The level of health care in a country
34
Sustainable development
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
35
Weathering
The breaking down/dissolving of rocks and minerals on the Earths surface
36
Erosion
The process that transports the bits of rocks/minerals away and further breaking down of rock takes place
37
Chemical weathering
Occurs when rocks are broken down by chemical change
38
Biological weathering
Takes place when living organisms wear rocks away
39
Deposition
Laying down/dropping off of sediment carried by the wind, flowing water, the sea/ice
40
River
Water flowing downhill through a channel/defined path
41
Watershed
The highest land that separates the drainage basin
42
Drainage basin
The area that drains tributaries into the main river
43
Vertical erosion
A process where the river flows quickly cutting down into its riverbed
44
Interlocking spurs
Ridges that alternate on either side of the river
45
Waterfall
When a river plunges vertically over a rock face
46
Gorge
A narrow steep sided feature left behind when a waterfall retreats upstream
47
Rapids
Zone of turbulent white water
48
Meanders
Bends in the river
49
Ox-bow lakes
A shallow, crescent shaped lake formed when a river abandons a meander
50
Floodplains
Wide flat deposits
51
Bars
The islands of sediment that separate the channels
52
Delta
Area of flat land, built up from silt and alluvium where the river flows into the sea
53
Distributaries
The build up of sediment, that eventually interferes with the flow of the river, causing it to split into several channels
54
Attrition
The load of the river banging against each other and wearing it down, making it smaller, smoother and rounder
55
Abrasion
The load of a river wears the bed and banks down
56
Hydraulic action
The force of water smashing against everything, wearing it down
57
Solution/corrosion
Chemical weathering and the dissolving of minerals into the rivers water
58
Physical weathering
Rocks and minerals are broken down into smaller pieces without chemical change
59
Wavelength
The distance between the peak of each wave/the top
60
Gradient
Steepness of the slope
61
Wave-cut platform
Gently sloping land at the foot of a retreating cliff
62
Longshore drift
Repetitive process when the particle moves along the shoreline
63
Prevailing wind direction
Prominent wind/strong wind in one direction
64
Spit/sandspit
When the beach appears extended out into the sea
65
Cape
Large headland that stretches into the sea
66
Contour lines
A line on a map joining places of equal height above the sea level (altitude)

Geography (5 decks)

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