Development Flashcards
Definition of assimilation
Adding to your schema
Definition of accomodation
Changing/developing a new schema
Schema definition
A pocket of information (e.g, associating Christmas with presents or reindeer)
Key features of the sensorimotor stage
- 0-2 years old
- Learns through movement/touch
- Object permanence at 8 months
Key features of preoperational stage
- 2-7 years old
- Develops language
- Egocentric
- Lacks logic/reasoning
Key features of concrete operational stage
- 7-11 years old
- Develops conservation
- Develops logical thinking (can give reasoning)
Key features of formal operational stage
- 11+
- Can solve problems systematically (organise problem solving)
- Can understand abstract problems
What is egocentrism?
Children are only able to view the world from their view / can’t think from other perspectives
What is conservation?
Understanding that is the appearance of something changes, the quantity is still the same, e.g, the same amount of water in different shaped glasses
What does the cortex control?
Cognitive thinking (speech/language control)
Covers outside of the brain
What does the cerebellum control?
Coordinates movement and balance
At the back of the brain
What does the thalamus control?
Acts as a relay (all info passes through here)
In the centre of your brain
What does the brain stem control?
Automatic functions (heartbeat)
Connects brain to spinal cord (at the base)
Advantages of the police doll study
- Lab study, highly controlled, reproducible results
- Can be applied to real life with scenarios like hide and seek
- The instructions were more thorough, and the children were able to do the first task multiple times to get used to it
Disadvantages of the police doll study
- Researcher may have unconsciously hinted at the right answer
Advantages of the naughty teddy study
- Controlled environment, no extraneous variables
- Both scenarios happen in the same environment, showing validity
- Challenges Piaget
Disadvantages of the naughty teddy study
- Was only carried out on British students, can’t be generalised across the world
What is a “readiness approach”
Children can only learn when they’re biologically ‘ready’
What is a “discovery approach”
Children learn by discovery
Define a fixed mindset
- Believes your IQ can’t be improved
- Doesn’t like to fail
- Likely doesn’t like challenging problems
Define a growth mindset
- Believes you can improve
- Likes challenges
- Sees failure as an opportunity
Define self efficacy
Self belief about how good you are at something
Define a verbaliser
Learns best through listening to videos, talking and repetition
Define a visualiser
Learns best through pictures and diagrams
Define a kinaesthetic learner
Learns best through a practical/hands on approach
What did Willingham believe about praise
That is should be unexpected
What are Willingham’s criticisms of learning styles
- No evidence that they actually work
- Kids should learn with all learning styles
- Learning styles should be based on what’s being taught , e.g circuits in physics -> kinaesthetic
