Development

Question 1

Definition of assimilation

Answer 1

Adding to your schema

Question 2

Definition of accomodation

Answer 2

Changing/developing a new schema

Question 3

Schema definition

Answer 3

A pocket of information (e.g, associating Christmas with presents or reindeer)

Question 4

Key features of the sensorimotor stage

Answer 4

• 0-2 years old
• Learns through movement/touch
• Object permanence at 8 months

Question 5

Key features of preoperational stage

Answer 5

• 2-7 years old
• Develops language
• Egocentric
• Lacks logic/reasoning

Question 6

Key features of concrete operational stage

Answer 6

• 7-11 years old
• Develops conservation
• Develops logical thinking (can give reasoning)

Question 7

Key features of formal operational stage

Answer 7

• 11+
• Can solve problems systematically (organise problem solving)
• Can understand abstract problems

Question 8

What is egocentrism?

Answer 8

Children are only able to view the world from their view / can’t think from other perspectives

Question 9

What is conservation?

Answer 9

Understanding that is the appearance of something changes, the quantity is still the same, e.g, the same amount of water in different shaped glasses

Question 10

What does the cortex control?

Answer 10

Cognitive thinking (speech/language control)
Covers outside of the brain

Question 11

What does the cerebellum control?

Answer 11

Coordinates movement and balance
At the back of the brain

Question 12

What does the thalamus control?

Answer 12

Acts as a relay (all info passes through here)
In the centre of your brain

Question 13

What does the brain stem control?

Answer 13

Automatic functions (heartbeat)
Connects brain to spinal cord (at the base)

Question 14

Advantages of the police doll study

Answer 14

• Lab study, highly controlled, reproducible results
• Can be applied to real life with scenarios like hide and seek
• The instructions were more thorough, and the children were able to do the first task multiple times to get used to it

Question 15

Disadvantages of the police doll study

Answer 15

• Researcher may have unconsciously hinted at the right answer

Question 16

Advantages of the naughty teddy study

Answer 16

• Controlled environment, no extraneous variables
• Both scenarios happen in the same environment, showing validity
• Challenges Piaget

Question 17

Disadvantages of the naughty teddy study

Answer 17

• Was only carried out on British students, can’t be generalised across the world

Question 18

What is a “readiness approach”

Answer 18

Children can only learn when they’re biologically ‘ready’

Question 19

What is a “discovery approach”

Answer 19

Children learn by discovery

Question 20

Define a fixed mindset

Answer 20

• Believes your IQ can’t be improved
• Doesn’t like to fail
• Likely doesn’t like challenging problems

Question 21

Define a growth mindset

Answer 21

• Believes you can improve
• Likes challenges
• Sees failure as an opportunity

Question 22

Define self efficacy

Answer 22

Self belief about how good you are at something

Question 23

Define a verbaliser

Answer 23

Learns best through listening to videos, talking and repetition

Question 24

Define a visualiser

Answer 24

Learns best through pictures and diagrams

Question 25

Define a kinaesthetic learner

Answer 25

Learns best through a practical/hands on approach

Question 26

What did Willingham believe about praise

Answer 26

That is should be unexpected

Question 27

What are Willingham’s criticisms of learning styles

Answer 27

• No evidence that they actually work
• Kids should learn with all learning styles
• Learning styles should be based on what’s being taught , e.g circuits in physics -> kinaesthetic