Development

Question 1

Describe the cortex

Answer 1

Outer covering of brain where mental processing takes place. It’s used for thinking/cognition sensory processing and motor processing.

Question 2

Describe the cerebellum

Answer 2

At base of spinal chord. Plays important role in coordination of movement like balance

Question 3

Describe the thalamus

Answer 3

Located deep in brain and receives and sends signals

Question 4

Describe the brain stem

Answer 4

Part of brain that connects to spinal chord and is used for breathing and other basic functions.

Question 5

What is the difference between nature and nurture

Answer 5

Nature is the genetic influences and characteristics from our ancestors and nurture is the other influences like how you were raised and your environment

Question 6

Outline Piaget theory of cognitive development

Answer 6

He suggests that the way children think change as they get older

Question 7

What is assimilation and accommodation

Answer 7

Assimilation- when we add new information to an existing schema
Accommodation - when we learn new information that does not fit with our existing schemas so therefor a new schema is made.

Question 8

What is conservation

Answer 8

Knowing the amount of something stays the same envelope though it’s appearance may change

Question 9

What is egocentrism

Answer 9

Not being able to see things from another point of view

Question 10

What is object permanence

Answer 10

Knowing that an object still exists even if it is out of sight.

Question 11

What are the for stages of development and explain them

Answer 11

Sensorimotor - 0-2 years child develops object permanence
Pre-operational - 2-7 years children are egocentric
Concrete operational - 7-11 years children begin to conserve
Formal operation - children can now solve problems in systematic ways and can create and imagine situations that have not yet happened

Question 12

Evaluates Piaget stages of cognitive development

Answer 12

Weakness
Tested in children
Overestimated what they can achieve and some may not even achieve this stage

Question 13

Describe and evaluate huges policeman doll study

Answer 13

He wanted to see if children were able to see things from another pov earlier than Piaget suggested
He got children from Edinburgh and showed them a model with two intercepting crosses and placed a policeman doll in there and asked the children to bide the doll form the police this was then repeated to see if the child understood so the police man was placed in a different sport and they were told to reside the doll.this was all a test and for the real experiment they were told to hide the doll from 2police dolls so neither police men could see. Results show that 90% of children were able to hide the doll but according to Piaget they shouldn’t be able to do so
This shows that Piaget underestimated younger kids as they can view from different perspectives
Weakness
Only tested on kids from Edinburgh
Researcher may have subconsciously hinted correct answer to children= invalid

Question 14

Describe and evaluate the naughty teddy study

Answer 14

They wanted to see wether the children saw the counters being changed and maybe assumed if it was a deliberate change
There were 80 children from Edinburgh in this study 40 were in nursery 4y 10 m and 40 in primary 5y 10m who were introduced to naughty teddy who would spoil their game . They were show 2 rows of counters and the teddy made one look longer when he jumped out in a chaotic matter. The children were asked before and after the transformation if th the rows were different of the same.
41% of gave correct answers when it was deliberately changed
68% gave correct answer when it was accidentally changed by teddy
Therefore showing that Piaget underestimated what children can do but there was a difference in the ages showing that Piaget ideas of us changing as we grow or right

Weakness
All kids from Edinburgh
30% of children failed and when replicated results were not as high as their findings

Question 15

What is a fixed mindset

Answer 15

Belief that achievement are due to abilities you are born with and these no point in trying if u lack the ability

Question 16

What is growth mindset

Answer 16

Belief that achievement are due to the abilities we gain overtime if you can’t do something u should practice because u will eventually succeed

Question 17

What is praise and what does it do

Answer 17

Praise is a reward that increases motivation, it makes you feel good and encourages you to replete the behaviour it’s good to praise effort and not behaviour because student can change effort but not behaviour and if u see someone being praised for behaviour it demotivates u as you can’t compete but when u see someone praised for effort it can increase your effort

Question 18

What is self efficacy and what does it do

Answer 18

Self efficacy is a persons understandings of their own abilities repeated success raises self efficacy but failure decreases it others can influence our self efficacy and might enhance expectations. You are more likely to do something you are good at and avoid thee things you are bad at students with high self efficacy are willing to make a greater effort and persist longer than those who doubts themselves and this leads to resilience if u fail because u believe you can succeed.

Question 19

What are the 3 types of learning styles

Answer 19

Verbaliser - processes info through sound
Visualiser - processes infor through visuals and images
Kinaesthetic learner - process information through practical work

Question 20

What is willinghams learning theory and his criticisms

Answer 20

His theory suggests that prior knowledge is required to develop certain skills such as problem solving and logical thinking.willingham says praise should be unexpected for it to be effective if we know we will bet a reward it decreases motivation self regulation memory and forgetting and neuroscience