DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
Factors affecting development:
- SOCIAL (ex: access to education)
- ECONOMIC (ex: trade/debt)
- ENVIRONMENTAL (ex: natural hazards)
- POLITICAL (ex: stable government or civil war)
Adult literacy?
Number of adults who can read+write in every 10 people.
GDP (per capita)?
Total money produced per year by a country divided equally among the population.
Life Expectancy?
Average age of Death
What is Poverty?
Lacking basic human needs
MEDC’s have…
- Clean safe water and electricity
- Homeless people get HELP from the government
- Equal rights
- Good hospitals
- Good transport
- Good education
- HIGH HDI SCORE
- HIGH GDP per person
LEDC’s have…
- No access to clean water and electricity
- Children go to school for 2 or less years
- Birth rate is high
- No transport (Dirt tracks)
- Lots of people living by farming
- Limited range of goods
- No governmental help
- No business opportunities
- LOW HDI SCORE
- LOW GDP per person
MEDC?
More Economically Developed Country
LEDC?
Less Economically Developed Country
What is development?
A process where places change the quality of life for people is improved.
What does inequality mean?
When wealth and access to services is not shared equally
What is a development indicator?
Helps tell you how developed a country is.
(Ex: left expectancy- if there’s a low life expectancy it could show that the country’s standard of life might be low as the population might have too little to eat or not enough doctors to help them.)
Infant mortality?
Number of children per year out of every 1000 born alive that die before they reach the age of one.
Birth rate?
Number of live births per year per 1000
Death rate?
Number of deaths per year per 1000
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
Total value of the goods and services a country produces in a year.
GDP per persion (PPP) = GDP / population
Why is GDP a good development indicator?
Shows how the economy is performing.
What’s CLOCC?
C - Continents
L - Latitude
O - Oceans
C - Countries
C - Compass
What is a HDI (Human Development Index)?
Statistical tool to measure a country’s overall achievement in it’s social and economic dimensions. These are based on the health of people, their level of education and their standard of living.
What are the 3 dimensions of HDI?
- Long and healthy life
- Being knowledgeable
- Decent standard of life
Dimension WITH their indicators?
- Long healthy life = Life expectancy
- Knowledge = Literacy rate and years of schooling
- Decent standard of living = GNI/GDP
GNI (gross national income) VS. GDP (Gross domestic product)?
The difference is, GNI is the total dollar value of everything produced by a country (INCLUDING received in the country or from abroad).
What creates a development gap?
1) HISTORICAL reasons
2) GEOGRAPHICAL reasons
3) HEALTH AND EDUCATION
HISTORICAL reason for a development gap?
- Industrial revolution:
Europe grew richer by exploiting other countries. To this day some of those countries are still very poor and unstable but others are doing fine.
GEOGRAPHICAL reasons for development gap?
Hot dry landlocked countries have poor soil so the low amount of natural resources in different un-predictable seasons make development very difficult.
Rich soil climates mean lots of natural resources like oil, means development is higher.
Some countries have good geographical locations that bring tourists to the country.
ex: Singapore has the world’s busiest shipping route
ex: Saudi Arabia has deserts
How do Health and education effect development?
- No good education: not enough trained teachers
- Diseases (Ex: malaria and aids): not enough doctors or medicine. This also leads to higher death rate and less people working to make money for the country.
- Most of your energy and time will go into finding basic human necessities like food, water and firewood.
Debt relief?
Forgiving debt in part or in total - writing it off
Fair trade?
Farmers in countries at a lesser stage of development (LEDC) are paid a fair price for their produce. To help them attain decent standard of living.
ex: India is one of the top ranked countries of fair trade workers
WHAT IS AN AID?
Transfer of resources from a MEDC to LEDC.
(includes money, equipment, food, training, skilled people, and loans)
ex: Afghanistan has received over 3.9 billion dollars in aid, which goes to improving development.
Tourism?
Movement of people outside their normal countries of work and community.
ex: Jamaica - 20% of their GDP is from tourism
Industrial development?
Development in factories and infrastructure
Microfinance loans?
Financial help to small businesses which do not have access to banking services
Investment?
Investing money for profit (usually MEDC to LEDC)
Intermediate technology?
Technology that the local community is able to use relatively easily without much cost. (ex: fridge)
Emergency Aid
Money/Food/Goods/Services given at times of dire need.
Food Aid
Edible commodities donated to needy population.
Multi-lateral Aid
Aid given by a number of countries and organisations (like UN)
Tied Aid
Foreign aid that MUST be used in the donor country to buy goods and services from the country giving aid.
Sustainable Aid
Taking an Aid to meet the people’s needs while still not harming the ability of FUTURE generations to meet their needs.
Non-Governmental Aid
Independent charitable organisation that provides aid
Bilateral Aid
Aid from one country to another.
Voluntary Aid
Money collected from the public.
Short-term Aid
Aid that provides support for a short time.
Long-term Aid
Aid that provides support over a long period of time to make changes that last.
Top-down Aid
Development projects that are imposed in people from above (large organisations).
Bottom-up Aid
Development projects that start and work from local communities. (grass roots level)
ex: Barlonyo in Uganda, the village experienced 300 people killed in 2004 and were forced to refugee. But now a bottom-up project is to help them return to their homes.
What’s a HDI score
summary of HDI in rating of 0-1
1 = highest value (ex: Switzerland)
0 = lowest value (ex: Yemen)
LIC?
Low Income Country
ex: Chad or Ethiopia
HIC
High Income Country
