COASTS

Question 1

Fetch

Answer 1

The distance the wave had travelled

Question 2

Swash

Answer 2

When wave moves up to sand

Question 3

Uprush

Answer 3

When wave hits sand

Question 4

Backwash

Answer 4

When wave enters back into the sea.

Question 5

3 things a wave depends on

Answer 5

1) Stronger the wind is
2) Longer the wind blows
3) Longer fetch

Question 6

Difference in constructive & destructive waves

Answer 6

Constructive waves:
- Weak Backwash
- Low waves
- Strong swash
- 6-8 minute

Destructive waves
- Strong Backwash
- Tall, steep waves
- Weak swash
- 15 minute

Question 7

Longshore drift?

Answer 7

Movement of material along a coast by waves

Question 8

‘keeps the sea out’

(WHAT? AND HOW?)

Answer 8

Sea Wall - curved walls to deflect the waves away from land.

Question 9

Rock Armour?

Answer 9

Big rocks soak up wave energy
Erodes rocks instead of cliff and sea wall.

Question 10

Artificial reef?

Answer 10

Makes waves break earlier (Away from the beach)

Question 11

Revetments?

Answer 11

Fence-like on coast
Water batters the revetments instead of eroding rock/cliff

Question 12

Groynes?

Answer 12

Stops sand from being carries away + Sand absorbs wave energy

Question 13

Beach Nourishment?

Answer 13

Adding more shingle and sand

Question 14

2) Abrasion/Corrasion?

Answer 14

Rocks (on the side of the cliff) bump their heads against each other chipping it into pebbles

Question 15

3) Attrition?

Answer 15

Pebbles bump into each other till all the materials are smooth and broken down

Question 16

1) Hydraulic action?

Answer 16

Water forces it’s way into faults in coastline, therefore compresses the air within the gap leaving a crack.

Question 17

4) Solution?

Answer 17

Acids in salt water dissolve rocks on the coast till all rock particles are a sand-like substance. (that get washed away at sea.)

Question 18

Headlands?

Bays?

Answer 18

• Headlands are more resistant rocks
• Bays are softer rocks that erode easier

Question 19

Wave-cut notch?

Wave-cut platform?

Answer 19

• Dent in cliff due to hydraulic action and abrasion
• When a flat rock collapses due to erosion leading a part of it to become a base for a sea cliff.

Question 20

Spit and due to?

Answer 20

Narrow coastal landform due to longshore drift deposition.

Question 21

How do waves form?

Answer 21

1) Water moves in a circular orbit

2) Friction slows down waves making it start to tip over

3) Collapses due to the sea bed growing higher the closer to the beach - rough source of friction

4) Backwash brings water back into the sea.