development Flashcards
Developmental critical periods
Visual and auditory: birth to 4-5
Language development: birth to 10-13
Physical and motor development: birth to 12
Emotional and social development: birth to 12
Germinal stage (weeks 1-2)
Conception, zygote, mitosis.
Embryonic stage (weeks 3-8)
structures develop in head, chest and abdomen. Heart begins to beat, spinal cord and brain develop.
Fatal stage (weeks 9-40)
embryo becomes foetus at 9 weeks, sex organs differentiate, fingers and toes develop including prints, internal organs have formed.
Prenatal care
medical care during pregnancy that monitors health of mother and foetus
Tetratogen
any environmental agent-biological, chemical or physical-that causes damage to the developing embryo or foetus.
Features of fetal alcohol syndrome face features
head size-below average head circumference
Eyes-smaller than average eye opening, skin folds at corners of eyes.
Nose-low nasal bridge, short nose.
Midface-smaller than average
Lip and philtrum-thin upper lip, indistinct philtres.
Critical/sensitive period
period of time where development occurs.
Motor skills
ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects.
Fine motor skills
focus on the muscles in the fingers, toes and eyes to enable small coordination actions.
Gross motor skills
focus on larger muscle groups that control our arms and legs and involve larger movements.
Age and developmental milestones, ages 2-5 years
Age (years) Physical Personal/Social Language Cognitive
2 Kicks a ball; walks up and down stairs Plays alongside other children; copies adults Points to objects when named; puts 2–4 words together in a sentence Sorts shapes and colors; follows 2-step instructions
3 Climbs and runs; pedals tricycle Takes turns; expresses many emotions; dresses self Names familiar things; uses pronouns Plays make believe; works toys with parts (levers, handles)
4 Catches balls; uses scissors Prefers social play to solo play; knows likes and interests Knows songs and rhymes by memory Names colors and numbers; begins writing letters
5 Hops and swings; uses fork and spoon Distinguishes real from pretend; likes to please friends Speaks clearly; uses full sentences Counts to 10 or higher; prints some letters and copies basic shapes
Attachment
long-standing connection or bond with others.
Resistant attachment
show clingy behaviour, reject attempts to interact with caregiver when they return
disorganised attachment
freeze, run around the room or try to run away when the caregiver returns. Seen in children who have been abused.
Self-concept
ability to understand who you are. eg. An infant will touch a mirror believing their reflection is another child.
Types of parenting styles
Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, Uninvolved
Authoritative style
Give reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listens to the child’s point of view.
Authoritarian style
parents place high value on conformity and obedience. Strict.
Permissive style
anything goes
Uninvolved style
parents are indifferent, uninvolved and sometimes considered neglectful.
Adrenache
matured adrenal glands
Gonadarche
matured sex glands
Primary sexual characteristics
Organs needed specifically for reproduction. eg. uterus, ovaries and testes.
