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HIGHER GEOGRAPHY 22/23 > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is GDP

A

Gross domestic product - value of finished goods and services produced by a country in a year, usually expressed in amount per head of population

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2
Q

What is GNI

A

Gross national income - total value of all finished goods and services produced by a country in a year, plus all net income earned by that country and its population including overseas investments

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3
Q

Name 3 economic indicators of development

A

Wealth
Income
Jobs

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4
Q

Name 4 social indicators

A

Quality of life
Health
Education
Basic infrastructure

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5
Q

Name 3 demographic indicators

A

Life expectancy
Population
Migration

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6
Q

Name 3 political indicators

A

Democracy/ dictatorships
Justice
Freedom

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7
Q

Name 2 cultural indicators

A

Role of women

Religion

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8
Q

Life expectancy

A

Average age to which a person lives to

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9
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of babies who die below age one

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10
Q

Literacy rate

A

Percentage of adults who can read and write

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11
Q

Physical factors affecting development

A 
Climate 
Relief and drainage 
Natural hazards 
Landlocked countries 
Natural resources
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12
Q

Management strategies used to control malaria

A
  • Village health centres and issuing information and education through primary health care schemes
  • Draining areas of stagnant water - swamps, and using water management schemes to destroy breeding grounds
  • Cover skin with clothing and use repellent
  • Sprays and creams
  • Anti malarial drugs - expensive and have to be taken regularly
  • Spraying eggs whilst on stagnant surfaces to suffocate mosquito larvae by clogging breathing tubes
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13
Q

What is primary health care

A
  • Aimed at developing nations with limited resources
  • Utilises local remedies and affordable medication
  • Trains local people who are trusted in their local communities
  • Low cost healthcare
  • Prioritises rural areas where access to healthcare is minimal
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14
Q

Why primary health care

A
  • Limited finances available
  • Increases life expectancy
  • Only serious cases go to hospital
  • Low training costs - only $150 to train workers in India
  • Healthier population = wealthier population
  • Concentrating on preventing diseases which saves money long term
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15
Q

What is a barefoot doctor

A

People who receive basic medical training.
Example - China
Abolished in 1981 and within 3 years health coverage in rural areas had decreased by 85%
1985 government announced barefoot doctors could sit exam

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16
Q

Primary health care: Diarrhoea

A

Oral rehydration therapy - simple treatment for dehydration associated with diarrhoea. Mixture of salt and sugar with clean water. Cheap and simple and can be administrated by untrained staff

17
Q

Primary health care - vaccination programmes

A

UNICEF run vaccination programmes work in rural areas where people find it more difficult to access health care
By 2014 polio was endemic in only 3 countries - Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria

18
Q

Primary health care: Improving sanitation

A

Providing a small scale clean water supply by ensuring effective sanitation is in place
Charities such as water aid work with countries such as Kenya and other aid agencies to improve water and sanitation by installing pit latrines and water pumps

19
Q

Primary health care: Providing local facilities

A

The building of small local health centres

  • Using local labour and building facilities
  • Staffed by visiting doctors

Used lc al labour, providing jobs and is often cheaper
Provides training/ transferable skills for the participants and gains faster acceptance/ usage in the local and wider community

20
Q

Primary health care: Health awareness

A

Health education schemes in schools, community plays/ songs concerning AIDS, with groups of expectant mothers or women in relation to diet and hygiene
- Effective in communities especially where there is a illiteracy such as South Sudan

21
Q

Primary health care case study

A

Nicaragua
MOSAFC
Since 2007 the Nicaraguan government implanted a health care strategy called MOSAFC which is a family and community health care model

22
Q

What is MOSAFC

A

Provides the population with free health cover and access. The emphasis is on health promotion and preventing ill health
Between 2003 and 2013:
- Health expenditure rose by 41%
- Number of nurses grew from 4329 - 2182

23
Q

Nicaragua millennial development goals

A
  1. Under 5 mortality has fallen from 59.8 per 1000 - 23.6 per 1000
  2. Infant mortality has fallen from 46.2 per 1000 - 20 per 1000
    HOWEVER
  3. Prevalence of HIV in the 15-24 age group has risen from 0.1% to 0.2%

HIGHER GEOGRAPHY 22/23 (11 decks)

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