development

Question 1

what is development

Answer 1

it measures progress within a country -> economic, social, and environmental

Question 2

how to measure development

Answer 2

• gross national income (GNI) per capita
• human development index (HDI)
• literacy rates
• life expectancy
• birth rate
• death rate
• number of doctors per 1000 people
  = development indicators, compares different countries

Question 3

GNI

Answer 3

• gross national income
• total value of goods + services produced in a year + income from abroad (divided by number of people living in that country
• compares wealth between different countries
• only average income of country, money may not be shared equally

Question 4

HDI

Answer 4

• GNI per capita
• number of year of education
• life expectancy
• composite measure
• health, wealth + education
• doesn’t consider inequality or environmental issues

Question 5

literacy rates

Answer 5

• 15+ can read and write
• level of education within a country
• does not tell about wealth or health

Question 6

single vs composite statistics

Answer 6

single: look at one factor
composite: looks at multiple factors

Question 7

historical factors for uneven development

Answer 7

many colonised regions, exploiting resources + people living there
-> colonial power become wealthier, colonies become low income countries

Question 8

where does development vary

Answer 8

social, environmental, economically

Question 9

what is aid

Answer 9

helping someone who lacks stuff (resources, education, money…) with different types of aid

Question 10

emergency aid

Answer 10

help given to populations that have been affected by natural disasters or human conflicts

Question 11

charitable aid

Answer 11

funded by donations from the public through organisations

Question 12

top down

Answer 12

• given to the government of the developing country so that they can spent it on projects that they need
• pro: allows people to make their own decisions
• con: can lead to mis-use of aid money

Question 13

bottom up

Answer 13

• helps people directly without government interference
• pro: helps people directly
• con: complexity

Question 14

what is a sustainable development

Answer 14

• stable economy

- no corrupt government

Question 15

what makes development sustainable

Answer 15

development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations

Question 16

top down: Sardar Sarovar Dam, India

Answer 16

location: on the Narmada river in West India
dates: 1987-2017
key facts: Indian states Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan receive water and electricity supply
how it helps: generate power + supply water for drinking and irrigation
sustainability: threat to wildlife natural habitat, waterlogging, people displaced by project

Question 17

bottom up: wateraid play pumps, Africa

Answer 17

how it helps: delivers water so that people can finally get adequate sanitation
sustainability: needed to spin all day long to provide enough water, quite expensive

Question 18

political factors for uneven development

Answer 18

• poor governance + conflict -> some governments use power for personal gain
• war: money spent of weapons and repairing damage -> no healthcare + education

Question 19

geographical factors for uneven development

Answer 19

• very hot or very dry climate -> lacks water supply + cannot grow crops
• warm climate = tropical diseases
• landlocked -> harder to secure water supplies + safe routes to import and export goods
• earthquakes + locust swarms -> money spent repairing

Question 20

socio-economic factors for uneven development

Answer 20

• younger people -> future workforce of country
• shortage of schools, teachers + resources
• children work at young age for families