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Geography > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is GDP

A

The monetary value of all goods and services over a specific time

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2
Q

What is GNP

A

This is calculated using GDP plus income and expenditure from foreign countries

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3
Q

What is HDI

A

Composite statistic, including life expectancy at birth, means years of schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income per capita

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4
Q

Life expectancy

A

The average number of years a person in a country is expected to live

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5
Q

Birth rate

A

The number of live births per thousand population per year

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6
Q

Death rate

A

The number of deaths per thousand people per year

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7
Q

Adult literacy rate

A

The percentage of people aged over 15 who can read and write

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8
Q

Number of doctors per 1000 people

A

The number of people for each doctor in a country

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9
Q

Single statistics

A

A factor which measures one aspect of development. E.g GDP

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10
Q

Composite statics

A

A number made up of a variety of different single statics. E.g HDI

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11
Q

Definition of development

A

The use of resources ro improve the standard of living of a nation

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12
Q

Important aspects of development

A 
Freedom of speech
Gender equality
Food+water availability 
Sanity
Access to tech
Economic structure
Unemployment 
Environmental sustainability
Greenhouse gas emissions
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13
Q

What type of factor are natural hazards? Examples of country that suffer it and what are the effects

A

Physical environmental factor
INDONESIA- suffer yearly from earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. Stops country from developing
JAPAN- suffer from disasters such as typhoons but know how to handle it (more developed)

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14
Q

What type of factor is location and connectivity and what is it? Examples

A

Physical factor
Affects poverty. e.g- when living on an island from a main continent there are less sources available
Micronesia: (low GDP) is a small island in the middle of the pacific
Germany: (high GDP) in the middle of Europe

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15
Q

Which type of factor is climate (agriculture)? Why does it influence poverty?

A

Physical factor
It influences poverty because fertile lands may be affected by harsh climate and resulting droughts (crops cant be produced) and droughts can shrink food supplies

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16
Q

What type of factor is climate (disease)? How does poverty influence this?

A

Physical factor

Poverty influences this as no vaccinations or healthcare are available

17
Q

What type of factor are good institutions? And why is it that factor? How does it influence poverty? Examples

A

Political factor as the government pays for it and schools are the number 1 priority
It influences poverty because of their’s better facilities, the better living standards
MALAWI: bad institutions
JAPAN: good institutions
INDIA: based on economy for education

18
Q

Which factor are Historical factors? Which are the negative impacts and the positive impacts?
How did the industrial revolution help to develop the world?

A

Political factors
Negative impact: when europeans provided firearms amongst trade goods (increased political instability and warfare in Africa)
Positive impact: people started to take risks and build factories in UK (lead to UK now being extremely powerful and respected country
Industrial revolution increased wealth, production of goods and standard of living

19
Q

Which factor is trade? What is trade? Examples

A

Mostly political factor
A constant exchange of products and money giving a huge possibility of gaining money to the one involved
CHINA: biggest trading country
SPAIN: little trade countries as its economy is based in other economical factors

20
Q

Which factor are natural resources? Why are they important? Why is it bad to depend in fossil fuels?

A

Physical factor
More natural resources= usually more developed
Fossil fuels are a non-renewable resource and can affect the environment

21
Q

What does MEDC stand for?

A

More economically developed country

22
Q

What does LEDC stand for?

A

Less economically developed countries

23
Q

How can a country develop fast? (6)

A

They have strong and stable governments which welcomes foreign direct investments from multinational companies by: export and trade, strong education systems, investment in infrastructure, attractive policies for other companies and less strict laws

24
Q

What else helps countries develop?

A

They have skilled but relatively cheap workforce and good geographical location, eg trade routs
All this leads to a switch from low-value agricultural to higher-value manufacturing and service
Profits can be invested in other industries or institution (healthcare, education)

25
Q

What is emergency/ short term aid?

A

Needed after sudden disasters such as the 2000 Mozambique floods or the 2004 Asian tsunami

26
Q

What us conditional/ ‘tied aid’?

A

When one country donates money or resources to another but with conditions attatched

27
Q

What is charitable aid?

A

Funded by donations by the public through organisations such as OXFAM

28
Q

What is long term/development aid?

A

Involves providing local communities with education and skills for sustainable development, such as Practical Action

29
Q

What is multilateral aid?

A

Given through international organisations such as the Word Bank rather than by a specific country

30
Q

What is top-down?

A

Large scale aid where it is usually given to the government of the developing country so that they can spend it on the projects that they need. (Sometimes corrupt)

31
Q

What is bottom up?

A

Small scale aid projects which target the people most in need of the aid and help them directly, without any government interference

32
Q

Examples of top-down

A

Building a hydroelectric power dam
Food aid
Donating tents

33
Q

Examples of bottom up?

A

Instructing local people to build and maintain wells
Donating books to school library
Training local people

34
Q

Which are the effective sides of aid?

A

Emergency aid saves lives
Helping a country develop their industry can create jobs
Provision of medical training can improve health and standards of living

35
Q

How can aid not be effective?

A

Aid can be used to put political pressure on the receiving country
Corruption can mean that money for aid is lost
Aid can lead to reliance on a foreign aid
Some countries may find it hard to repay tied aid

36
Q

What is aid?

A

Assistance given from one country to another. It includes money, equipment, training and loans

Geography (6 decks)

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