Development Flashcards
what are developemnt goals for a person
development goals are notions of devlopmeent or progress for a person. Each one of them seeks what is most important to them ie something tht can fulfill their aspiration or dream.
two persons or group of persons may have conflicting devlopmeent goals? explain with example?
In fact, at times, two persons or
groups of persons may seek things
which are conflicting. A girl expects
as much freedom and opportunity as
her brother, and that he also shares
in the household work. Her brother
may not like this. Similarly, to get
more electricity, industrialists may
want more dams. But this may
submerge the land and disrupt the
lives of people who are displaced – such
as tribals. They might resent this and
may prefer small check dams or tanks
to irrigate their land.
two conclusions of section 1
So, two things are quite clear: one,
different persons can have
different developmental goals and
two, what may be development for
one may not be development for
the other. It may even be
destructive for the other.
what are the common things that people desire
-regular work
-better wages
-decent prices for their crops or other products tht they produce
in general all of them want more income
what are other things tht people desire besides income?
- freedom
- secutirty
- equal treatment
- respect of others
Besides seeking more income, oneway or the other, people also seek
things like equal treatment, freedom,
security, and respect of others. They
resent discrimination. All these are
important goals. In fact, in some cases,
these may be more important than
more income or more consumption
because material goods are not all
that you need to live
material goods are not all tht we need to live with. explain
Money, or material things that one
can buy with it, is one factor on which
our life depends. But the quality of our
life also depends on non-material
things mentioned above. If it is not
obvious to you, then just think of the
role of your friends in your life. You
may desire their friendship. Similarly,
there are many things that are not
easily measured but they mean a lot
to our lives. These are often ignored.However, it will be wrong to conclude
that what cannot be measured is not
important.
‘development is a mix of goals’? illustrate with an example
or
development goals are not only about better income but also about the other important things in life
If you
get a job in a far off place, before
accepting it you would try to consider
many factors, apart from income,
such as facilities for your family,
working atmosphere, or opportunity
to learn. In another case, a job may
give you less pay but may offer regular
employment that enhances your
sense of security. Another job,
however, may offer high pay but no
job security and also leave no time for
your family. This will reduce your
sense of security and freedom.
Similarly, for development,
people look at a mix of goals. It is
true that if women are engaged in paid
work, their dignity in the household
and society increases. However, it is
also the case that if there is respect
for women there would be more
sharing of housework and a
greater acceptance of women
working outside. A safe and secure
environment may allow more women
to take up a variety of jobs or run
a business.
Hence, the developmental goals
that people have are not only about
better income but also about other
important things in life.
Why do different persons have different notions of development?
Different persons have different notions of development because life situations of persons are different. Development goals of a girl from a rich urban family will be surely different from a farmer in Rajasthan. It is because their situations, lifestyle and status are very different from each other. A goal which a person has entirely depends on his or her present life situation. Over a period of time if the situation changes, automatically goals of a person will also change.
how do we compare any two countries if development is different? give example
tell about the stuents of a class
how do we compare any two persons in general
Usually we take one or more
important characteristics of
persons and compare them based
on these characteristics.
what is the main characteristic for comparing two countries?
For comparing countries, their
income is considered to be one of
the most important attributes.
Countries with higher income are
more developed than others with less
income. This is based on the
understanding that more income
means more of all things that human
beings need. Whatever people like,
and should have, they will be able to
get with greater income. So, greater
income itself is considered to be one
important goal.
what is the income of a country
the income of a country is the income of all the residents of the country. This is the total income of the countyr.
can total income be used as a measure for ocmparioson
However, for comparison between
countries, total income is not such an
useful measure. Since, countries have
different populations, comparing total
income will not tell us what an average
person is likely to earn. Are people in
one country better off than others in a
different country? Hence, we compare
the average income which is the total
income of the country divided by its
total population. The average income
is also called per capita income.
what was the world developmenet reports methods in 217
In World Development Reports,
brought out by the World Bank, this
criterion is used in classifying
countries. Countries with per capita
income of US$ 12616 per annum and
above in 2012, are called rich countries
and those with per capita income of
US$ 1035 or less are called low-income
countries. India comes in the category
of low middle income countries
because its per capita income in 2012
was just US$ 1530 per annum. The
rich countries, excluding countries of
Middle East and certain other small
countries, are generally called
developed countries.
Suppose records show that the average income in a country has been increasing
over a period of time. From this, can we conclude that all sections of the economy
have become better? Illustrate your answer with an example.
All sections of the economy have become better cannot be concluded because different sections of She economy may have become better or worse. An example is the current situation in India, where the average income has increased every years; the services sector has increased very much, but agriculture is having virtually no growth.
