Development

Question 1

startles to loud sound, visually tracks toward sound, attends to and turns
head to voice, smiles reflexively, quiets when picked up, quiets when person talks, makes pleasure/cooing sounds, cries differently for different needs.

Answer 1

birth to 3 months

Question 2

pays attention to sound, responds to tone of voice, notice loud toys, babbling more like speech, chuckles/laughs, vocalizes pleasure/displeasure, makes gurgling sounds.

Answer 2

4-6 months

Question 3

enjoys games (peekaboo), turns and looks toward sounds, listens when spoken to, recognizes common words, begins to respond to requests, babbling has long and short groups of sounds, uses speech or non-cry sounds to get and keep attention, uses gestures to communicate, imitates speech sounds

Answer 3

7 months to 1 year

Question 4

holistic single-word phrase, begin putting two words together, overextensions.

Answer 4

1 to 2 years

Question 5

Halliday’s 7 functions of communicative intent (1975): 1 to 2 years

Answer 5

Regulatory
Imaginative 
Personal
Heuristic 
Information
Interactional
Instrumental

Question 6

imaginative

Answer 6

role play

Question 7

regulatory

Answer 7

control behaviors of others, direct

Question 8

personal

Answer 8

express feelings and attitudes

Question 9

heuristic

Answer 9

explain environment, used to find out more info

Question 10

Informative

Answer 10

explaining

Question 11

instrumental

Answer 11

attempt to get help or materials for someone

Question 12

interactional

Answer 12

social manner

Question 13

2-3 years

Answer 13

word combinations, wh- questions, 3-4 word sentences, plurals, express negation

Question 14

3-4 years

Answer 14

passive voice, opposites, adjust speech to age, can answer what if questions, recognizes words that rhyme, count syllables in words (4)

Question 15

5 to 6 years

Answer 15

uses tenses consistently, tells jokes, comparisons, humor, blending words

Question 16

6-7 years

Answer 16

if so , profanity/slang, list word with same letter

Question 17

coos when a person talks

Answer 17

2 months

Question 18

Responds by raising arms when mother says “come here” and reaches toward child

Answer 18

by 6 months

Question 19

responds to name

Answer 19

5 months

Question 20

responds to name

Answer 20

5 months

Question 21

gestural language

Answer 21

7-9 months

Question 22

Imitates intonation and speech sounds of others

Answer 22

9 months

Question 23

begins object permanence

Answer 23

7-9 months

Question 24

simple directions

Answer 24

10-12 months

Question 25

Late talkers are characterized by a significant expressive language delay at _____ months of age

Answer 25

24-30

Question 26

Clinician expands a child’s telegraphic or incomplete utterance into a more grammatically complete utterance

Answer 26

expansion

Question 27

The clinician comments on the child’s utterances and adds new and relevant information; efficacy supported by research

Answer 27

extension

Question 28

Refers to a group of techniques that have been experimentally evaluated and shown to be effective in teaching a variety of language skills to children

Answer 28

Milieu teaching

Question 29

Clinician plays with the child and describes comments upon what the child is doing and the objects the child is interested in

Answer 29

parallel talk

Question 30

The clinician describes her own activity as she plays with the child; using language structures that are appropriate for the child

Answer 30

self-talk

Question 31

Those that appear to be natural; tend to be easier to acquire

Answer 31

unmarked sounds

Question 32

Those that are less natural and are later acquired

Answer 32

marked sounds

Question 33

how many words does a child understand at 1-2 years old

Answer 33

~200 words

Question 34

how many words does a child understand at 2-3 years old

Answer 34

3,600

Question 35

what kinds of questions do children at 3-4 years understand

Answer 35

wh questions

Question 36

how many words do children produce at 1-2 years old

Answer 36

50 words

Question 37

what causes spasmodic dysphonia

Answer 37

abnormal functioning of basal ganglia

Question 38

types of spasmodic dysphonia

Answer 38

abductor and adductor

Question 39

what is abductor spasmodic dysphonia

Answer 39

intermittent, involuntary when vocal folds try to abduct and results in breathy voice, low volume

Question 40

treatment for abductor spasmodic dysphonia

Answer 40

botox injections
speech therapy
medication

Question 41

what is adductor spasmodic dysphonia

Answer 41

overpressure and prolongation of VF coming together resulting in a strained voice

Question 42

treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia

Answer 42

Co2 laser surgery 
botox
AAC 
voice therapy 
laryngeal recurrent nerve resection

Question 43

what is leukoplakia and how is it treated

Answer 43

white patches, precancerous, sounds hoarse or breathy, low pitch, soft in volume, result of irritated tissues, treatment is surgery and voice therapy

Question 44

what is hyperkeratosis

Answer 44

pink lesions, precancerous

Question 45

what is laryngomalacia

Answer 45

soft floppy cartilage especially cartilage, usually resolves by 2-3 years old, usually involves stridor on inhalation, no intervention required, but if it continues, need to work on respiratory difficulties

Question 46

what is sub glottal stenosis

Answer 46

narrowing of subglottic space, can be caused by prolonged intubation of congenital from abnormal formation of cricoid

Question 47

what is papilloma

Answer 47

caused by HPV in children, can occur anywhere in airway, associated with hoarseness, breathiness and low pitch, surgical intervention like Co2 laser