Developing Urban Management Flashcards
Explain Rio’s transport issues
Car ownership (8/10, population, bridges)
Limited roads (congestion, pollution -> health, pollution -> climate change)
Geography (small area, favelas)
Car ownership
E: Increasing, In 2020, 8 out of 10 households own a car, more vehicles on the road
E: Population increasing, small area, infrastructure cannot cope
E: Bridges that connect cities are too narrow, get blocked during rush hour
Limited roads
E: causes congestion, results in high pollution
E: Pollution linked to health conditions
E: Pollution linked to climate change
Geography
E: Surrounded by mountains to north, ocean to south, acts as barriers
E: People living in favelas on mountainsides can be isolated
Explain Rio’s transport management
- cameras and speed checks
- toll roads (Yellow Line Expressway)
- metro
- buses (Bus Rapid Transit Corridors)
- bikes
- cable car
cameras and speed checks
E: Monitor real time traffic flows and can pick up broken down vehicles
Eff: This allows real time adjustments to traffic signals to prevent congestion and collisions
toll roads
E: The Yellow Line Expressway connects the West with the North
Eff: It is a toll road as there was not enough money to build it originally. It has removed 40% of traffic off small local roads.
bikes
E: The creation of over 90 miles of cycle paths encourages people off the roads
Eff: Bike Rio is a bike sharing system allowing more people access without owning their own bike
Cable cars
E: Cable car connects areas to centre of town including shanty towns
Eff: These are more expensive to maintain and popular with tourists rather than everyday commuters
metro
E: The metro consists of two main lines with additional commuter train lines
Eff: The metro is the cleanest, cheapest and safest mode of transport around Rio
buses
E: The Bus Rapid Transit is part of a green initiative for sustainable transport
E:new buses operate on ninety percent compressed natural gas which is also saving money
RTCs
E: Prior to the 2016 Olympics Bus Rapid Transit corridors were created to cut travel times between major cities.
Explain the need for housing management in a developing country.
Shanty towns - illegal, lack of services
Urban waste - no rubbish collection
Pollution - burning stuff for heating, manufacture
Poverty - no jobs, poor construction
Violence - illegal drug trading, conflict with police
Stress on services - landslides, lack of services
Shanty towns
illegal, lack of services
Poverty
no jobs, poor construction
Urban waste
no rubbish collection
violence
illegal drug trading, conflict with police
pollution
burning stuff for heating, manufacture
Stress on services
landslides, lack of services
Explain the strategies used to manage housing issues in a developing country.
- self help schemes
- site and service schemes
- rural investment
- pacification
self help schemes explanation
E: The local authority provides tools and residents provide labour, allowing funds to be spent on providing basic amenities.
E: Low interest loans can be used to fund the changes and people may be given legal ownership of the land they live on.
site and service schemes (E + Eff)
E: Cance to rent/ buy land with services.
Eff: Not much land available.
rural investment
E: Rural development eg. jobs and basic services to reduce rural-urban migration.
Eff: Long term migration solution but doesn’t tackle problems already there.
pacification
E: Armed units, drive out criminal gangs in favelas, then authorities can start to provide more social services.
Eff: Sometimes little resistance makes it easy.
Self help schemes effectiveness
Eff: Some schemes mean rent so people need to have decent income.
Eff: Rocinha favela transformed, comparitively good infrastructure.
Eff: Costly, already >200 million in expenses.
