Developing Speech 7 - Developing Meanings Flashcards
Children link objects with _______ ________ and may, for example, apply the word ‘dog’ to all four-legged household pets.
Similar qualities
It is common for children to __________ a word’s meaning.
Overextend
_____________ is less frequent in children.
Underextension
___ _____’s study on first words found that children base overextension on two things.
Eve Clark
Clark said children base overextension on. . .
- the physical qualities of objects
- features such as taste, sound, movement, shape, size and texture
Children’s first words connect to. . .
Their experiences of the world, dominated by the senses.
Leslie Rescorla divided overextensions into ______ categories.
Three
Rescorla’s first category was. . .
Categorical overextension.
Categorical overextension is when. . .
The name for one member of a category is extended to all members of the category.
An example of categorical overextension is. . .
A child using ‘Apple’ for all round fruits.
Rescorla’s second category of overextension is. . .
Analogical overextension.
Analogical overextension is when. . .
A word for one object is extended to one in a different category.
Analogical overextension usually occurs on the basis that. . .
The objects have some physical or functional connection.
An example of Analogical overextension is. . .
Calling a round fruit a ball.
Rescorla’s third and final category of overextension is. . .
Mismatch statements.
Mismatch statements are. . .
One-word sentences that appear quite abstract; a child makes a statement about one object in relation to another.
An example of a mismatch statement is. . .
A child saying ‘duck’ when looking at an empty pond.
Jean Aitchison connected children’s ________ ___ ________ development in three stages.
Lexical and semantic
Aitchison’s first stage of linguistic development is. . .
Labelling.
Labelling is when a child can. . .
Link words to the objects to which they refer and understand that things can be labelled.
Aitchison’s second stage of linguistic development is. . .
Packaging.
Packaging is when a child. . .
Explores the labels and what they can be applied to.
Over/underextension occurs during the _________ stage.
Packaging
Aitchison’s third and final stage of linguistic development is. . .
Network-building.
Network-building is when. . .
A child makes connections between words and understands the similarities and opposites in meanings.
Once children expand their vocabulary they use _______-________ to sort the words.
Network-building
An aspect of the network-building stage is the understanding of _______.
Hyponymy.
Hyponymy is the hierarchical structure that exists between _______ _____.
Lexical terms.
Hyponymy divides into _________ and ________.
- hypernyms
- hyponyms
A hypernym is a superordinate; a word that is more _______ and can have more specific words under it.
Generic
A hyponym is a more ________ word within a category or under a hypernym.
Specific
