Developing Skills 2 Flashcards

Question

Explain written content and content at top of home page (what percentage of web content is text?)

Answer 1

Written content: - 95% of web content is text - Accurate - Relevant - Concise - Avoid jargon and tech-speak (use language your visitors will understand) - Informal tone (as if addressing an individual, appropriate to content) Content at top of home page: - Consider content at top of page - What your visitor sees first - Good quality - Visitor will make decision about the rest of the site

Answer 2

- Short paragraphs - Headings and sub-headings - Font size - Colour - Bullets - Images - White space

Answer 3

Visitors will look at your site on: - Desktops - Laptops - Tablets - Phones Will look different on all

Answer 4

- Ensure important information is visible on all of these (desktops, laptops, tablets, phones) - Website tools can help with this - May not be perfect - Test it!

Answer 5

- Out and about - In a hurry - On a small screen - Seeking answers to questions Provide fast, accurate answers

Answer 6

- Important to test - All aspects - Ask others to test for you and give feedback - Test on desktops, laptops, tablets and phones

Answer 7

Accessibility means that websites are designed and developed so that people with disabilities can use them

Answer 8

- Specifically for those with impaired sight - Reads contents of the page - Page must be well structured

Answer 9

- When you look at a webpage, you pick out the headings - Screenreader can do the same IF headings are identified - Format headings with Heading1 style - Sub-headings with Heading2, then Heading3, etc. style

Answer 10

- Short description of image - Screenreader reads this alternate text

Answer 11

- High contrast for text and background colour (avoid white text on black background) - Don't use colour alone to get across a message - Don't use flickering or flashing images or text (seizures in susceptible individuals) - Descriptive links - Transcripts for audio/video content (YouTube sub-titles) - Don't set video or audio to play automatically

Answer 12

- Wix www.wix.com 500MB storage 1GB bandwidth Modified URL - www.username.wixsite.com Adverts - Site 123 www.site123.com 500MB storage 1GB bandwidth Modified URL - www.sitename.site123.me Adverts - Weebly www.weebly.com 500MB storage Modified URL - www.sitename.weekly.com Adverts - WordPress www.wordpress.com 3GB storage Modified URL - www.sitename.wordpress.com Adverts

Answer 13

- Common design tool for webpages - Visual representation of pages - Rough sketches with pen and paper - Show position of menus, logos, text, images, buttons and boxes - No details such as colour or image content - Think about what to include (search box, login box?)

Answer 14

- Printing press allowed literacy to expand - Lightbulb brought about social change - Cars resulted in large scale mobility - Penicillin changed medicine and saved lives - The internet changed mass communication and created global cultures

Answer 15

- Drives people to find opportunities - Encourages personal growth - Boosts creativity and confidence - Flourishes education - Increases productivity - Crucial for workplace improvement - Gives competitive advantage - Determines success - Brings communities together - Drives economic growth

Answer 16

Seelig (2014)

Answer 17

- Imagination - envision what doesn't exist - Creativity - apply imagination to address a challenge - Innovation - apply creativity to develop unique ideas - Entrepreneurship - apply innovation to bring ideas to fruition

Answer 18

"Don't listen to the person who has the answers: listen to the person who has the questions"

Answer 19

No! - 'Why' can be dangerous if not used in the right way - 'Why' elicits a story/explanations of why something is true; if you ask why nothing is working the way you want it to, you may create a set of bias inferences; however, if reframes and asked the right way, can be useful

Answer 20

- Viability - business model and sustainability - Feasibility - technology and capability - Desirability - customer need and value Overlap of the three is innovation with impact

Answer 21

- Self-confidence - Passion - Motivation - Product knowledge - Ability to network - Optimism - Vision Goal mindset - Risk-taking - Creativity - Persuasiveness - Decision-making - Tenacity - Money management

Answer 22

- Belief - I believe innovation is important to the organisation - Perspective - I recognise the different roles and strengths that contribute to innovation - Action - I use a range of different tools and techniques to make innovation happen

Answer 23

- Effective time management is different for all of us - Demands, Choices, and Constraints lead to YOU - We all have different demands and constraints on our time, and make different choices about how we manage our time

Answer 24

- Binge watching Netflix - Standing in a Starbucks queue before a lecture - Studying without a clear plan - Browsing social media - Being part of unproductive study groups - Reading notes over and over again - Being part of clubs or organisations that don't interest you - Telling yourself, "I'll do if after [blank]" - Too much socialising - Agreeing to every invite you get - Virtual window shopping - Participating in too many group messages - Skipping lectures - FaceTiming friends or family for too long - Trying to be the perfect student

Answer 25

Procrastination is the thief of time

Answer 26

- The decision-making process that structures, protects, and adjusts a person's time to changing environmental conditions - Three particular skills separate time management from failure: 1. Awareness - thinking realistically about your time by understanding it's a limited resource 2. Arrangement - designing and organising your goals, plans, schedules, and tasks to effectively use time 2. Adaptation - monitoring your use of time while performing activities, including adjusting to interruptions or changing priorities

Answer 27

- Developing awareness skills; effectiveness is different than efficiency, with effectiveness being about impact and efficiency being about doing well and promptly; both are critical; pursuing efficiency for its own sake is counter-productive - Find your peak performance time - break your typical day into 3-4 time slots and, over the course of a week, rank-order these slots from your most to least productive (most productive is peak performance) - Treat your time like it's money - create a time budget that details how you spend your hours during a typical week; categorise time into fixed time ("must do's") and discretionary time ("want to do's") - Evaluate how realistically you assess time - after finishing a project, evaluate how long you thought it would take and how long it actually took - Take a "future time perspective" - think about how the tasks you are doing right now will help or hurt you in the future (e.g. how do today's tasks impact next week's tasks?) - Avoid "sunk cost fallacy" - when you think you might be spending too much time on an activity, step back and evaluate its importance (e.g. how valuable is the outcome, who will be affected if it's finished or not finished, etc.)

Answer 28

- Prioritise activities and obligations (it's not enough to simply list our your tasks, to-do lists, and meetings) - Avoid the "mere urgency effect" - urgency and importance are related by distinct concepts; urgent tasks require immediate action, whereas important tasks have more significant and long-term consequences; tasks that are both urgent and important should be done first - Use a calendar app - record due dates for tasks and appointments, and do this immediately when they are planned or requested; label or colour-code entries (e.g. work, university, life, etc.) - Schedule protected time - make calendar appointments with yourself to ensure uninterrupted time to dedicate to your most important projects - Reduce underestimation errors - when forming plans, ask a neutral party for feedback about your forecasted time requirements - Try half-sized goals - when struggling to attain a goal that seems to be too challenging, set a less difficult version of the goal - Try "habit stacking" - tie your time management behaviours to habits you already exhibit (e.g. track daily progress every evening when you sit down to eat) - Use short bursts of effort - when tasks seem overwhelming, put forth maximum effort for 15-30 minute intervals to help avoid procrastination - Experiment with time-tracker or checklist apps - remember benefit must exceed cost when using these tools; gains should outweigh the time spent using the app - Don't be a "reminder miser" - reminders should have detailed explanations or descriptions, not one or two words that fail to describe the task's importance, expected quality, and so forth - Create contingency plans - think about best case/worst case scenarios when you outline possible outcomes of your plans - Seek to reduce time wasters - create do not disturb slots and block social media sites during critical work time

Answer 29

- Urgent and Important (do it first) - you need to do this first (e.g. crises, emergencies, pressing problems, deadline-driven projects, last minute preparations) - Not Urgent but Important (schedule it) - this is the stuff that should be second in your priorities; time should be scheduled and set aside for these tasks (e.g. preparation, planning, prevention, values clarification, capability improvement, relationship building, true recreation/relaxation) - Urgent but Not Important (delegate it) - most us respond to time pressure rather than value; this often comes second, pushing out the "not urgent, but important" stuff (e.g. interruptions, some callers, some mail, some meetings, many pressing matters, popular activities) - Not Urgent and Not Important (delete it) - but often fun or displacement activity, or SEP's (somebody else's problem) (e.g. busy work, trivial activities, some calls/emails, escape activities, time wasters)

Answer 30

When you say "I don't have time", what you're really saying is "I have other priorities"

Answer 31

- SMART aims - Being specific is critical for effective time management Who is involved? What do I want to accomplish? When: Establish a time frame Which: Identify requirements and constraints Why: Specific reasons, purpose or benefits of accomplishing the goal

Answer 32

- Organise your inbox - don't let your inbox get overrun with old emails; read them and decide what to do with them them the first time; set up a folder system to separate reference emails from actionable ones Next Action: Emails that contain information or attachments necessary to complete a task Waiting For: Emails you're waiting on for a response Reference: Emails that don't require a next action, but that you might want to reference later - Never let an important email be overlooked - Create an automatic reminder to follow up on "Waiting for" items by BCCing yourself (blind carbon copy - copying email to yourself) or setting rules in your inbox - The 2 minute rule - Can the next action be completed in two minutes or less? Just do it. Whether it's responding to an email, scheduling a meeting or another quick task, it's not worth letting it sit on your to-do list. Get it done and move on - Improve your subject lines - Professionally and personally, we receive countless emails each day, too many of which are lengthy, unfocused and not actionable. Avoid being part of the problem - Don't respond to your email on demand and don't read every email the moment it arrives - Instead, set aside a couple of times each day to review and then answer emails. This means that you only read each email once, not the typical 2 or 3 times - Don't answer your email at your most productive time of day (typically the morning) - Never use email for complex issue, video/phone/call/in-person meeting instead

Answer 33

1. Set goals correctly 2. Prioritise wisely 3. Set a time limit 4. Take breaks between tasks 5. Organise yourself 6. Remove non-essential tasks 7. Plan ahead

Answer 34

- Describes the multiple ways in which the activity and benefits of higher education and research can be shared with society - A two-way process, involving interaction and listening, with the goal of generating mutual benefit

Answer 35

Display boards: - Information about eyewitness memory - Created by UG students in groups - UG practice distilling key messages Demonstrations: - Eyewitness memory experiment - UG experience conducting a study with children - Children and guardians experience how research is conducted - Collected data from over 2,200 children (aged 4-16) Dressing up: - Game created by UG students to teach children about fair and unfair lineups - Increased media coverage (parents taking photos) Colouring/drawing: - To occupy younger children - Opportunity to talk to parents and guardians Website: - Continued engagement - Participant recruitment (advertise online experiments) Outcomes Mutual benefits: - Forged a fantastic relationship with ThinkTank Museum - Forged links with other stakeholders, such as police officers - Substantial media exposure for us and Birmingham Museums - On my Twitter account alone, my tweets about the exhibit were viewed over 6,000 times - The general public (and children) learnt about psychology research and our research topic - Met with many potential Birmingham University students - Helped us to develop our research programme (grants/pilot data) - Opportunity for students to apply knowledge learnt in lectures - Enhanced postgraduate student leadership skills - All improved our public engagement skills (benefits for writing papers) Sophie Louth (Engineering): - “Hands Up”. Hands Up was a school workshop on medical engineering getting young people to build and test their own limb prosthetics Liam Crowley (Biosciences): - “Entocast”. Is a successful insect podcast Pro Amaury Triad (Physics): - Short graphic novel about nearby exoplanetary system composed of 7 earth-sized planets. Inspired an Opera! If research is publicly funded, society has a right to shape research agendas and be involved in decisions about how discoveries are used

Answer 36

- Collaborations between researchers and public services - The All-Party Parliamentary Group on Social Science and Policy bring together parliamentarians and social scientists to demonstrate the relevance and value of social science research - Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST) provides advice and support on engaging with parliamentarians

Answer 37

- How we feel - Our ability to cope with daily life - What feels possible right now

Answer 38

- Take a break - Do something I enjoy - Try mindfulness - Tech-free time - Drawing, music, baking, etc. - Spend time outdoors - Bring nature indoors - Spend time with animals - Talk to friends you trust - Speak to your PAT - Join a society - Volunteer - Eat regular meals - Try to keep active - Avoid excessive alcohol - Routine - Avoid screens - Wind down before bedtime

Answer 39

- Being too busy Time out can help with productivity, creativity and wellbeing - Not having the financial resources Are there free activities that I can participate in? - Feeling too tired Can I be guided by how I would like to feel instead of how I am feeling now?

Answer 40

Paying attention in a particular way - On purpose - In the present moment - Without judgement

Answer 41

- Living in autopilot - Mental time travel - Wishing away this moment

Answer 42

Pros: - Evolutionary advantage - Automates some of our experience through habit - Allows us to complete incredibly complex tasks without much conscious input Cons: - Forget to make contact with present experience - Miss simple wonderful moments of each day - Less aware of initial stress-related thoughts, feelings and sensations until they become problematic

Answer 43

- Changing our relationship with the content of our minds - Not pushing thoughts, feelings, sensations away - Nor getting caught up in the content of our minds - Seeing contents of the mind as mental events - Noticing what comes into the mind's stream without judgement

Answer 44

- Body scan - Mindful movement - Sounds and thoughts - Mindful breathing - Exploring difficulty - 3 minute breathing space

Answer 45

- Bohlmeijer et al. (2009) - meta-analysis of RCT's - physical health Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has small effect sizes on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in people with chronic medical diseases - Khoury et al. (2015) - meta-analysis - healthy adults MBSR has large effects on stress, moderate effect on anxiety, depression, distress and QoL (quality of life), and small effect on burnout in healthy adults - Taylor et al. (2014) - RCT - University students Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) self-help significantly reduced depression, anxiety and stress, and increased life satisfaction, mindfulness and self-compassion relative to a control

Answer 46

- Your personal academic tutor - LES wellbeing Canvas pages - Psychology wellbeing officers, Chantelle and Becca: psy-leswellbeing@contacts.bham.ac.uk

Answer 47

Sunk cost fallacy: Where a person is reluctant to abandon something because they have invested heavily in it, even though it's clear that abandonment would be more beneficial Solution: When you think you might be spending too much time on an activity, step back and evaluate its importance (e.g. how valuable is the outcome, who will be affected if it's finished or not finished, etc.)