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Psychobiology > Developing skills > Flashcards

Developing skills Flashcards

1
Q

How do you analyse the essay title?

A
  • start by looking at process/task words.
    such as
  • Discuss, assess, examine, evaluate
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2
Q

According to Cottrell what are the four main types, that essays fit?

A
  • For or against
  • to what extent
  • compare and contrast
  • reflective
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3
Q

What should be implemented into the introduction?

A
  • explain how you interpret the question and summarise the conclusion.
  • define any key terms
  • identify issues you are going to explore
  • give a brief outline of how yo deal with each in issue in order.
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4
Q

What is the thesis?

A
  • a concise 1-2 sentence summary of the argument to be developed in the essay.
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5
Q

What should the main body consist of?

A
  • presenting evidence, analysis and the following arguments.
  • more analytical than descriptive
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6
Q

What should the conclusion consist of?

A
  • summarise the argument and main themes.
  • state the general conclusions
  • clarify why conclusions are important/significant.
  • sum up the argument briefly linking it to the title.
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7
Q

What did Mcdaniel et al say?

A
  • found that learning items over time improves memory more than cramming material.
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8
Q

What should an in-text citation look like?

A
  • (…… .,date)
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9
Q

what should an in-text citation used at the start of the sentence look like?

A

…… .(date)

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10
Q

What are the limitations of task-switch costs?

A
  • switching rapidly between tasks can decline our performance rapidly.
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11
Q

What is the role of an external examiner?

A
  • examiners from other universities visit in the summer to overview marking and procedures.
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12
Q

What is a scientific research report?

A
  • a concise objective and precise account of a research project.
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13
Q

What are the aims of a research project?

A
  • to describe an experiment you’ve carried out in a lab
  • to communicate results
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14
Q

What is the generic report marking criteria?

A
  • title abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion
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15
Q

What tense should the method of the research practical report be written in?

A
  • past tense
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16
Q

What order should the research practical report be written in?

A
  • chronological
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17
Q

What should be included in the results section of the practical report?

A
  • use tables and figures
  • describe findings without interpreting them.
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18
Q

What should be included in the discussion?

A
  • interpret the results
  • account for findings and conclude them
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19
Q

What is important to do in the recommendations section?

A
  • do not be be too generic.
  • propose specific and original directions.
    e.g., apply to a different area of investigation
20
Q

What is important in creating a title?

A
  • capture the topic area and the research question.
  • should be able to stand alone
21
Q

What is academic integrity?

A
  • is a set of values to ensure the work is honest fair and original
22
Q

What issues may result in poor academic integrity

A
  • poor para-phasing
  • poor citing/referencing
  • poor note taking
  • rushing
  • poor understanding of academic integrity
  • poor understanding of sunject
23
Q

What app is used to check for use of AI or plagiarism?

A
  • Turnitin
24
Q

What is poor para-phrasing?

A
  • why you rely on the original source to much and copy things rather than putting them in your own words.
25
Q

Why is paraphrasing important?

A
  • shows that you understand something and can explain it using your own words.
26
Q

What is one good tip to avoid poor paraphrasing?

A
  • always go from sources to notes and then from notes to the assignments.
  • never write something that you do not understand
27
Q

Where can you find information and support about plagerism?

A
  • canvas
  • code of practice on academic integrity
  • academic skills centre for study skills support
28
Q

What did Ennis 1964 say about critical analysis?

A
  • at it’s simplest level critical analysis is the evaluation of statements.
29
Q

Is academic skills a transferable skill?

A
  • yes it is the central transferable skill which you can gain on your degree programme
30
Q

What is a problem with having a small sample size?

A
  • it will make null findings difficult to interpret, as the results may be less significant due to the small smaple size.
31
Q

What are effect sizes?

A
  • they provide an estimate of how sustainable a difference or effect is in an observation.
  • the larger the effect size the stronger the relationship between the variables.
32
Q

What is the reason for causal inference?

A
  • helps scientists find how a particular phenomenon comes about.
33
Q

What are some different research designs?

A
  • Observational
  • Experiments
  • Quasi-experiments
34
Q

What are the positives and negatives of an observational studies?

A
  • good for observing in a naturalistic setting
  • cannot measure causality directly
  • often require large sample sizes.
35
Q

What are the positives and negatives of an experiment?

A
  • the go-to design for measuring causality.
  • involves heavy intervention so may not be the best to study what happens in the real world.
  • can be impractical for ethical issues.
36
Q

What is a Quasi-experiement?

A
  • they establish things such as age-group or gender comparisons.
37
Q

What does randomised controlled trial do (RCT)?

A
  • they measure the effectiveness of a new intervention or treatment
  • all RCTs use random allocation, this is often equal allocation giving balance to comparison groups.
38
Q

What is open science practice?

A
  • scientist being transparent and public about their research and the steps they have taken to conclude it.
38
Q

What is the principle aim when reading a research report?

A
  • to determine what variables the author has manipulated, measured and controlled.
38
Q

What does P-Hacking mean?

A
  • repeated statistical testing until significant result is found.
39
Q

What is HARKing?

A
  • hypothesising After the results are known.
    (inflates false positives).
40
Q

What does the file-drawer problem mean?

A
  • null findings tend not to be published.
41
Q

What two things did Chang and Schleppegrell label?

A
  • monoglass = assertion of argument
  • heteroglossia = consideration of alternatives.
42
Q

How to properly critically analyse a piece of work?

A
  • first do the reading, understand the research, consider alternative explanations.
    Then find a way to explain your arguments.
43
Q

What is Discovery science?

A
  • fundamental principles and mechanisms, curiosity driven, knowledge generation
44
Q
A

Psychobiology (2 decks)

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