Developing skills Flashcards
How do you analyse the essay title?
- start by looking at process/task words.
such as - Discuss, assess, examine, evaluate
According to Cottrell what are the four main types, that essays fit?
- For or against
- to what extent
- compare and contrast
- reflective
What should be implemented into the introduction?
- explain how you interpret the question and summarise the conclusion.
- define any key terms
- identify issues you are going to explore
- give a brief outline of how yo deal with each in issue in order.
What is the thesis?
- a concise 1-2 sentence summary of the argument to be developed in the essay.
What should the main body consist of?
- presenting evidence, analysis and the following arguments.
- more analytical than descriptive
What should the conclusion consist of?
- summarise the argument and main themes.
- state the general conclusions
- clarify why conclusions are important/significant.
- sum up the argument briefly linking it to the title.
What did Mcdaniel et al say?
- found that learning items over time improves memory more than cramming material.
What should an in-text citation look like?
- (…… .,date)
what should an in-text citation used at the start of the sentence look like?
…… .(date)
What are the limitations of task-switch costs?
- switching rapidly between tasks can decline our performance rapidly.
What is the role of an external examiner?
- examiners from other universities visit in the summer to overview marking and procedures.
What is a scientific research report?
- a concise objective and precise account of a research project.
What are the aims of a research project?
- to describe an experiment you’ve carried out in a lab
- to communicate results
What is the generic report marking criteria?
- title abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion
What tense should the method of the research practical report be written in?
- past tense
What order should the research practical report be written in?
- chronological
What should be included in the results section of the practical report?
- use tables and figures
- describe findings without interpreting them.
What should be included in the discussion?
- interpret the results
- account for findings and conclude them
What is important to do in the recommendations section?
- do not be be too generic.
- propose specific and original directions.
e.g., apply to a different area of investigation
What is important in creating a title?
- capture the topic area and the research question.
- should be able to stand alone
What is academic integrity?
- is a set of values to ensure the work is honest fair and original
What issues may result in poor academic integrity
- poor para-phasing
- poor citing/referencing
- poor note taking
- rushing
- poor understanding of academic integrity
- poor understanding of sunject
What app is used to check for use of AI or plagiarism?
- Turnitin
What is poor para-phrasing?
- why you rely on the original source to much and copy things rather than putting them in your own words.
Why is paraphrasing important?
- shows that you understand something and can explain it using your own words.
What is one good tip to avoid poor paraphrasing?
- always go from sources to notes and then from notes to the assignments.
- never write something that you do not understand
Where can you find information and support about plagerism?
- canvas
- code of practice on academic integrity
- academic skills centre for study skills support
What did Ennis 1964 say about critical analysis?
- at it’s simplest level critical analysis is the evaluation of statements.
Is academic skills a transferable skill?
- yes it is the central transferable skill which you can gain on your degree programme
What is a problem with having a small sample size?
- it will make null findings difficult to interpret, as the results may be less significant due to the small smaple size.
What are effect sizes?
- they provide an estimate of how sustainable a difference or effect is in an observation.
- the larger the effect size the stronger the relationship between the variables.
What is the reason for causal inference?
- helps scientists find how a particular phenomenon comes about.
What are some different research designs?
- Observational
- Experiments
- Quasi-experiments
What are the positives and negatives of an observational studies?
- good for observing in a naturalistic setting
- cannot measure causality directly
- often require large sample sizes.
What are the positives and negatives of an experiment?
- the go-to design for measuring causality.
- involves heavy intervention so may not be the best to study what happens in the real world.
- can be impractical for ethical issues.
What is a Quasi-experiement?
- they establish things such as age-group or gender comparisons.
What does randomised controlled trial do (RCT)?
- they measure the effectiveness of a new intervention or treatment
- all RCTs use random allocation, this is often equal allocation giving balance to comparison groups.
What is open science practice?
- scientist being transparent and public about their research and the steps they have taken to conclude it.
What is the principle aim when reading a research report?
- to determine what variables the author has manipulated, measured and controlled.
What does P-Hacking mean?
- repeated statistical testing until significant result is found.
What is HARKing?
- hypothesising After the results are known.
(inflates false positives).
What does the file-drawer problem mean?
- null findings tend not to be published.
What two things did Chang and Schleppegrell label?
- monoglass = assertion of argument
- heteroglossia = consideration of alternatives.
How to properly critically analyse a piece of work?
- first do the reading, understand the research, consider alternative explanations.
Then find a way to explain your arguments.
What is Discovery science?
- fundamental principles and mechanisms, curiosity driven, knowledge generation
