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Biology > Developing New Medicine > Flashcards

Developing New Medicine Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the traits of a good medicine?

A

Effective
Safe
Stable

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2
Q

What are the stages of developing a new medicine?

A 
Computer modelling 
Cells 
Tissues and organs 
Animal testing 
Human trials
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3
Q

What is a placebo?

A

Pill that doesn’t contain drug

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4
Q

What is a double blind trial?

A

Neither doctor nor patient knows who has the real drug

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5
Q

What do we mean by stable?

A

Doesn’t react bad with any other medicines

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6
Q

Why do we do laboratory trials?

A

Dosage
Safe
Effective

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7
Q

What was thalidomide used for?

A

To treat morning sickness in the 1950s

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8
Q

When were the animal tests for thalidomide?

A

1968

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9
Q

What was an effect of thalidomide?

A

Affected foetuses were born with sever limb deformities

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10
Q

What is thalidomide used for now?

A

Leprosy

Bone cancers

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11
Q

What are statins?

A

Drugs used to reduce cholesterol in the blood

Stop liver producing too much cholesterol

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12
Q

Give some examples of legal drugs

A

Caffeine
Nicotine
Alcohol

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13
Q

Give some examples of illegal drugs

A

Cocaine
Ecstasy
Heroin

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14
Q

What do illegal drugs do?

A

Affect nervous system

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15
Q

What are some of the withdrawal symptoms from coming off drugs?

A

Cravings
Headaches
Sweating

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16
Q

What is an effect of cannabis?

A

Trigger mental illness

Higher risk of depression

17
Q

What mental illness can arise because of depression?

A

Schizophrenia

Anxiety

18
Q

What can cannabis lead to?

A

Can become addicted to other drugs such as heroin

19
Q

What does the term addiction mean?

A

Dependant/can’t function without the drug

20
Q

What can happen to addicts?

A

Turn to crime
More likely to get STD’s
Mental/physical health problems

21
Q

What drugs do body builder used and why?

A

Painkillers

To compete when injured

22
Q

What problems can happen when taking painkillers?

A

Exacerbates injury

23
Q

What drugs do archers use and why?

A

Beta blockers

Steady hands

24
Q

What problems can come from taking beta blockers?

A

Insomnia

Depression

25
Q

What drugs to cyclists take and why?

A

Erythropoietin

Gets more RBC to oxygen legs

26
Q

What can happen when someone take erythropoietin?

A

Kidney disease

27
Q

What drugs do sprinters take and why?

A

Anabolic steroids

Muscle growth

28
Q

What problems can happen when taking anabolic steroids?

A

Sexual characteristic change
Changes to mood
Weight gain

29
Q

What is the most common performance enhancing drug?

A

Anabolic steroids

Biology (13 decks)

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