Developemental Psych Flashcards
Stage one
Sensory motor change
0-2 years. Sensation and movement. Don’t understand object permanence (exists even when you can’t see it ) until 18 months
Stage two
Preoccupational 2-7
Language, imaginative, reading and writing.
Theory of mind- can’t see the world in someone else’s shoes
Egocentric
Animism- lifelike qualities to inatimate objects
Conservation- don’t understand that volume remains constant( Graham’s crackers)
Stage 3
Concrete operational 7-12 Can think logically about objects people and concrete things Do understand conservation Have cognitive maps May not think abstractly
Stage 4
Formal operational 12+ capable of abstract thought and the what if questions
Laurence kohlberg
Developed stages for moral development
Stages for morality
Preconventional- 0-9, personal self, all about reward and punishment, do something because you may get it trouble
Conventional- 9-19, do something because you’re obeying societies norms and laws
Post conventional- 20+ internal principles values, think about others
Things we lose as we get older
1) perceptual speed-processing, longer to process and understand
2) memory- ability to lay down new info, special memory for directions, recall memory that you generate yourself, prospective memory for things planned in the future like appointment
3) fluid intelligence- think abstractly and creative
Vision, muscle strength,smell and hearing, immune system weakens
Things that stay the same or get better
Recognition memory like multiple choice
Crystallized intelligence- info that you gain
Social wisdom- handling disagreements conflicts, accept that things change and values differ from individuals
Exercise and overall health
Increase blood flow to brain, increase efficiency of glucose in the metabolism. Promotes dendrite growth, against toxins, prevents cell death, helps stem cells divide5
Jean Piaget
Developed intelligence tests for kids and said that all kids go through stages and levels of maturity by exposure to experiences
Theory of cognitive development
Lev vygotsky
Parents and teachers play a crucial role in the cognitive development of children. Provide temporary structure guidance and support that are critical in helping the child learn new concepts.
Ex- teaching them gradually to cook instead of letting them loose in the kitchen
Psychological development in adolescence
Erikson
Identity- unique place within a larger community.
Four possible paths to identity
James Marcia
1) diffusion- lack of commitment to any goal. Ex- skip school, sleep too much.
2) foreclosure- adolescence decides to adopt the roles and customs dictated by their parent and culture
3) negative identity- taken on restively with defiance
4) identity moratorium- break from finding identity.
Cognition
All the mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating
Assimilation
Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
Autism
Disorder that appears in children and is marked by deficient communication social interaction and understanding of others states of mind
Poor communication in the brain, can’t communicate feelings
4:1 for males.
Origins of attachment
Body contact
Familiarity
Authoritarian
Impose rules and expect obedience
Permissive
Submit to their children’s desires
Dee demands and use little punishment
Authoritative
Both demanding and responsive
Exert control by setting rules
Encourage open discussion
Culture and family raising
Asian and African cultures focus on family self which is a feeling that what shames the child shames the family and vice versa with honor.
Western cultures place priority on obedience respect and sensitivity to others
Moral intuition and action
Intuition- quick gut feeling, mind makes moral judgement.
Action-thinking feeling and doing the right thing. Thinking matures and become less selfish and more caring.
Those who delay gratification have become more responsible and successful
Ericksons stages of psychosocial development
Infancy- trust vs mistrust
Toddlerhood- autonomy vs shame and doubt
Preschool- initiate vs guilt, feel guilty about efforts to be independent
Elementary- competence vs inferiority, applying themselves to tasks
Adolescence- identity vs role confusion
Young adulthood- intimacy vs isolation
Middle adulthood- contributing to the world vs lack of purpose
Late adulthood- integrity vs despair
Conflict with parents
Adolescent conflict created with the first born than with the second ad greater with mothers than fathers.
Friends influence how they act and what they dress like while parents influence faith and college and career choices
Emerging adulthood
Bridging the gap between adolescence and full independence and responsible adult hood.
Getting married later with children later
