Developemental Psych

Question 1

Stage one

Answer 1

Sensory motor change
0-2 years. Sensation and movement. Don’t understand object permanence (exists even when you can’t see it ) until 18 months

Question 2

Stage two

Answer 2

Preoccupational 2-7
Language, imaginative, reading and writing.
Theory of mind- can’t see the world in someone else’s shoes
Egocentric
Animism- lifelike qualities to inatimate objects
Conservation- don’t understand that volume remains constant( Graham’s crackers)

Question 3

Stage 3

Answer 3

Concrete operational 7-12 
Can think logically about objects people and concrete things 
Do understand conservation
Have cognitive maps 
May not think abstractly

Question 4

Stage 4

Answer 4

Formal operational 12+ capable of abstract thought and the what if questions

Question 5

Laurence kohlberg

Answer 5

Developed stages for moral development

Question 6

Stages for morality

Answer 6

Preconventional- 0-9, personal self, all about reward and punishment, do something because you may get it trouble
Conventional- 9-19, do something because you’re obeying societies norms and laws
Post conventional- 20+ internal principles values, think about others

Question 7

Things we lose as we get older

Answer 7

1) perceptual speed-processing, longer to process and understand
2) memory- ability to lay down new info, special memory for directions, recall memory that you generate yourself, prospective memory for things planned in the future like appointment
3) fluid intelligence- think abstractly and creative
Vision, muscle strength,smell and hearing, immune system weakens

Question 8

Things that stay the same or get better

Answer 8

Recognition memory like multiple choice
Crystallized intelligence- info that you gain
Social wisdom- handling disagreements conflicts, accept that things change and values differ from individuals

Question 9

Exercise and overall health

Answer 9

Increase blood flow to brain, increase efficiency of glucose in the metabolism. Promotes dendrite growth, against toxins, prevents cell death, helps stem cells divide5

Question 10

Jean Piaget

Answer 10

Developed intelligence tests for kids and said that all kids go through stages and levels of maturity by exposure to experiences

Question 11

Theory of cognitive development

Answer 11

Lev vygotsky
Parents and teachers play a crucial role in the cognitive development of children. Provide temporary structure guidance and support that are critical in helping the child learn new concepts.
Ex- teaching them gradually to cook instead of letting them loose in the kitchen

Question 12

Psychological development in adolescence

Answer 12

Erikson

Identity- unique place within a larger community.

Question 13

Four possible paths to identity

Answer 13

James Marcia

1) diffusion- lack of commitment to any goal. Ex- skip school, sleep too much.
2) foreclosure- adolescence decides to adopt the roles and customs dictated by their parent and culture
3) negative identity- taken on restively with defiance
4) identity moratorium- break from finding identity.

Question 14

Cognition

Answer 14

All the mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating

Question 15

Assimilation

Answer 15

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 16

Autism

Answer 16

Disorder that appears in children and is marked by deficient communication social interaction and understanding of others states of mind
Poor communication in the brain, can’t communicate feelings
4:1 for males.

Question 17

Origins of attachment

Answer 17

Body contact

Familiarity

Question 18

Authoritarian

Answer 18

Impose rules and expect obedience

Question 19

Permissive

Answer 19

Submit to their children’s desires

Dee demands and use little punishment

Question 20

Authoritative

Answer 20

Both demanding and responsive
Exert control by setting rules
Encourage open discussion

Question 21

Culture and family raising

Answer 21

Asian and African cultures focus on family self which is a feeling that what shames the child shames the family and vice versa with honor.
Western cultures place priority on obedience respect and sensitivity to others

Question 22

Moral intuition and action

Answer 22

Intuition- quick gut feeling, mind makes moral judgement.
Action-thinking feeling and doing the right thing. Thinking matures and become less selfish and more caring.
Those who delay gratification have become more responsible and successful

Question 23

Ericksons stages of psychosocial development

Answer 23

Infancy- trust vs mistrust
Toddlerhood- autonomy vs shame and doubt
Preschool- initiate vs guilt, feel guilty about efforts to be independent
Elementary- competence vs inferiority, applying themselves to tasks
Adolescence- identity vs role confusion
Young adulthood- intimacy vs isolation
Middle adulthood- contributing to the world vs lack of purpose
Late adulthood- integrity vs despair

Question 24

Conflict with parents

Answer 24

Adolescent conflict created with the first born than with the second ad greater with mothers than fathers.
Friends influence how they act and what they dress like while parents influence faith and college and career choices

Question 25

Emerging adulthood

Answer 25

Bridging the gap between adolescence and full independence and responsible adult hood.
Getting married later with children later