Chapter 11- Stress

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

Process of appraising and responding to a threatening or challenging events.
Psychological and physiological reactions that occurs when perceived demands exceed existing resources to meet those demands

Question 2

Wellness

Answer 2

Regularly taking action to move yourself toward the positive end of the spectrum of health

Question 3

Self care

Answer 3

Breathing stretching nature sleep fitness nutrition spiritual

Question 4

Presentation about stress

Answer 4

Talked about walking on 5 senses
Abdominal breathing which improves concentration
Taking time for yourself
Attentional diffusion- allowing ones focus to diffuse while walking in a forest, restful state

Question 5

Smart goal

Answer 5

Specific 
Measurable 
Attainable 
Realistic 
Timely

Question 6

Micro stressors

Answer 6

Little things, daily hassles like being late, not enough money, presentations

Question 7

Catastrophic events

Answer 7

Unanticipated

Affect large number of people like hurricanes or war

Question 8

Major life events

Answer 8

Changes like divorce death in the family
Home invasion
Diagnosis

Question 9

Primary appraisal

Answer 9

Initial evaluation of a situation Irrelevant
Benign- positive or harmless
Stressful

Question 10

Secondary appraisal

Answer 10

If you see it as stressful then you look at yourself and the situation and determine if you can cope

Question 11

Reappraisal

Answer 11

Changed based on new information

Reevaluate new things

Question 12

Hans Selye

Answer 12

Came up with the general adaptation syndrome

1) alarm reactions-fight or flight
2) resistance-stressor persists, still alarming but manageable
3) exhaustion- immune system decreases, get sick more often, death can occur

Question 13

Tend and befriend

Answer 13

Women mostly when under stress like to nurture friends kids, gather people
Oxytocin released which produces a calming effect

Question 14

Psychological effects of stress

Answer 14

Anxiety disorders
Panic attacks
Learned helplessness, depression
May trigger a psychological disorder

Question 15

Physical effects of stress

Answer 15

May lead to cancer 
Worsen conditions 
Ulcers asthma 
Cardiovascular diseases. 
Premature aging 
Bad habits like smoking and eating poorly
Neuronal death in the hippocampus

Question 16

Problem focused

Answer 16

Good things, attack problem head on

Works best on situations where you feel like you have control

Question 17

Emotion focused

Answer 17

Indirectly Deal with emotions surrounding stresser, may meditate problem
Ex- goes out for beer with friends

Question 18

Smoking

Answer 18

Each cigarette takes 7-11 min off your life. 10 years average off life.
Males die thirteen years earlier and females 15 earlier than non smokers. 50% begin in teens and die from smoking

Question 19

Advertising and tobacco

Answer 19

Can advertise in bars because of the adult population. No promotions no sales. Can have toys that resemble cigarettes advertising on tv magazines and radio are banned in Canada

Question 20

Smoking Addiction

Answer 20

Hand to mouth habit
More addictive than cocaine heroin or alcohol
Psychological dependency- false belief that it relaxes them, more sociable less uncomfortable

Question 21

Benefits to quit smoking

Answer 21

Blood pressure returns to normal

Smell and taste improve

Question 22

Alcohol and binge drinking

Answer 22

Depresses respiratory system

5 or more drinks in males and 4 or more drinks in females in one sitting is considered binge drinking

Question 23

Overeating

Answer 23

Class 1 obesity-30-34.9 on bmi scale
Class 2- 35-39.9
Class 3- 40+ 
Premature death doubles 
Causes high blood pressure type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

Question 24

Peer pressure and addiction

Answer 24

Eat more when with friends.
Increase dopamine pleasure pathway.
Psychological dependency
59% of variability due to genetics

Question 25

Healthy coping strategies

Answer 25

Accept challenged 
Take control 
Look for humor 
Take care of yourself 
Be optimistic

Question 26

Four types of cells are active in search and destroy

Answer 26

B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Macrophages
Natural killer cells

Question 27

Immune system can err in two ways

Answer 27

Respond to strong, may attack own tissue causing an allergic reactions
Underacting- allow a bacterial infection to flare, virus to erupt or cancer cells to multiple

Question 28

Social support and stress

Answer 28

Social support:
Calms us and reduces blood pressure and stress hormones
Fosters stronger immune functioning
Chance to confide personal feelings

Question 29

Aerobic exercise

Answer 29

Can decrease depression 
Better cognitive function 
Muscle relaxation 
Sounder sleep 
Increase norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 30

Stress

Answer 30

Reaction in your mind and body to an event in the outside world that alarms or arouses you.