Developement Of Respiratory System

Question 0

When does the lung bud grow downwards & backwards from the oesophagus?

Answer 0

The 4th week

Question 1

What cells line the terminal alveolar sacs?

Answer 1

Type 1 alveolar epithelial cells

Question 2

What’s the other name for lung bud?

Answer 2

Respiratory diverticulum

Question 3

What is of endodermal origin?

Answer 3

Epithelia of internal lining of Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 4

What is of mesothelial origin?

Answer 4

Cartilage, muscle & CT of trachea & lungs

Question 5

What is a fistula?

Answer 5

An abnormal connection between 2 structures

Question 6

What week do the bronchi begin to form?

Answer 6

Week 5

Question 7

Define ‘Atresia’

Answer 7

Absence of a normal body passage or cavity

Question 8

Stenosis

Answer 8

Narrowing of passage

Question 9

When do the Lung buds expand into the body cavity, forming pleura?

Answer 9

Weeks 5 & 6

Question 10

Name the narrow channels either side of the foregut, that are gradually filled by the expanding lungs?

Answer 10

Pericardioperitoneal canals

Question 11

How many tertiary bronchi are in the R & L lung?

Answer 11

R = 10

L = 8

Question 12

Where us the bifurcation of the trachea by birth?

Answer 12

At the level of 4th thoracic vertebrae

Question 13

Name the 4 stages of lung development?

Answer 13

Pseudoglandular
Canalicular
Saccular
Alveolar

Question 14

When is the Pseudoglandular stage?

Answer 14

5-16 weeks

Question 15

When is the Canalicular stage?

Answer 15

16-26 weeks

Question 16

When is the Saccular stage?

Answer 16

26-term

Question 17

When is the Alveolar stage?

Answer 17

> 36 weeks

Question 18

What shape are the cells lining the respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 18

Cuboidal

Question 19

What makes up the blood air barrier?

Answer 19

Epithelial cells & capillaries

Question 20

What do fetal breathing movements result in before birth?

Answer 20

Aspiration of amniotic fluid

Stimulates lung development

Question 21

What produces surfactant?

When do these develop?

Answer 21

Type 2 alveolar cells

At the end of the 6th month

Question 22

Define ‘Telectasis’

Answer 22

When surfactant remains deposited as a thin phospholipid coat on the alveolar membranes, as fluid is resorbed from alveolar sacs.

Question 23

Oligohydramnios

Answer 23

Insufficient amniotic fluid within the lungs.

Causes pulmonary hypoplasia as fluid in lungs stimulates lung growth.

Question 24

Describe the kidneys & feet if babies with oligohydramnios

Answer 24

Kidneys are enlarged

Feet are clubbed