Deuterostomes: Phylum Enchinodermata

Question 1

What organisms fall under enchinoderm?

Answer 1

Sea stars, Sea urchins, Sea Cucumbers

Question 2

What does deuterostome mean?

Answer 2

Mouth second, when the digestive system is being developed the blastopore turns into an anus first and then the mouth forms second

Question 3

What are the three basic processes of a single cell in an organism?

Answer 3

Mitosis, morphogenesis, and differentiation

Question 4

What does Morphogenesis mean?

Answer 4

The process that controls the shape of an organism

Question 5

What does it mean when a cell differentiates?

Answer 5

It’s different from one another

Question 6

What is it called when you look at a clear membrane fertilized egg that prevents other sperm from getting in?

Answer 6

Fertilization envelope

Question 7

What is a fertilized egg called?

Answer 7

Zygote

Question 8

What is a splitting of a cell called during mitosis?

Answer 8

Cleavage furrow for animals

Question 9

Early cell division is said to be in…?

Answer 9

Cleavage stage

Question 10

What are the early stages of solid balls from an embryo called?

Answer 10

Morulas

Question 11

What is a hollow ball of cells called? & what are the individual cells called? & What is the fluid called in the interior space?

Answer 11

Blastula, blastomeres, blastocoels

Question 12

What is a vegetal pole or animal pole?

Answer 12

It is larger than the cells themselves and at the opposite ends of the cells

Question 13

What does gastrulation mean?

Answer 13

Turns into a multidimensional structure called the gastrula

Question 14

What happens during gastrulation?

Answer 14

Cells at the vegetal pole migrate into the blastocoel which creates a hollow tube called archenteron

Question 15

What is the only opening at first when the archenteron has developed?

Answer 15

The blastospore

Question 16

What happens to the blastopore?

Answer 16

It becomes the anus of the digestive system

Question 17

How is the mouth formed?

Answer 17

When the archenteron continues to grow

Question 18

What are the three embryonic tissues?

Answer 18

Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm

Question 19

What is the archenteron made out of?

Answer 19

Endoderm

Question 20

What does the embryo of a echinoderm larva called?

Answer 20

bipinnaria larva

Question 21

What is the presence of spines called?

Answer 21

Ossicles they are emerged from bony plates?

Question 22

Where are ossicles located?

Answer 22

They lie underneath the skin which creates a dermal skeleton

Question 23

Echinoderms are mostly what shape?

Answer 23

Radically symmetrical

Question 24

What is the most distinctive feature of the Echinoderm?

Answer 24

The water vascular system

Question 25

What is the water vascular system made up of?

Answer 25

It’s made up of internal canals and self appendages called tube feet

Question 26

Why is the circulatory system greatly reduced?

Answer 26

Because it uses the coelomic fluid through the tube feet to pass through nutrients and gasses

Question 27

What are the five classes of Phylum Echinodermata?

Answer 27

Class Crinoidea- Sea Lillie’s Class Asteroidea- Starfish Class Holothuroidea- Sea Cucumber Class Ophuroidea- Brittle Star Class Echinoidea- Sea Urchin, Sand Dollars

Question 28

When looking at the oral surface is that the top or the bottom of the Sea Star?

Answer 28

Bottom

Question 29

What is the aboral side top or bottom?

Answer 29

Top

Question 30

What are the spine extensions called?

Answer 30

ossicles

Question 31

What does the calcareous plates form?

Answer 31

The dermal skeleton

Question 32

What can you see on the oral surface of the arms of a starfish? What are they used for?

Answer 32

Finger like tube feet and are used for locomotion

Question 33

What is ampulla?

Answer 33

Ampulla is on each foot internally on top

Question 34

What is the button shaped thing called on top of the starfish what is its function?

Answer 34

It’s called a madreporite and it allows the water to travel through into the inter canals of the water vascular system because they’re connected

Question 35

What are the eight characteristics of Echinodermata?

Answer 35

- Calcitic (calcium carbonate + proteins) endoskeleton made of ossicles -Water vascular system - ossicles, are connected by ligaments composed of collagen allows animals to maintain a posture without any muscular effort - Pentaradial body organization in adults- origins of 5 fold symmetry are not understood - Bilateral embryonic coelom -Dieoecious, marine, external fertilization -Decentralized nervous system, no brain -open circulatory system- cilia moves water through each arm

Question 36

What type of feeders are Crinoidea?

Answer 36

Filter feeders

Question 37

What is the name of Crinoidea appendages called?

Answer 37

Cirri

Question 38

What type of digestive enzymes do Asteroideas have?

Answer 38

Secrete digestive enzymes that absorb the digested coral

Question 39

Water Vascular system

Answer 39

Label the parts of the system go to good notes to do so.

Question 40

How does water vascular system work for Asteroideas?

Answer 40

It starts with the water entering the madreporite which passes through the stone canal, then the ring canal, which the water is then distributed to the radial canals, the water is then pressure into the ampullae into the tube feet

Question 41

What type of skeletal system does Asteroideas have?

Answer 41

They have an internal skeletal system

Question 42

What is the Echinoidea mouth structure called?

Answer 42

Aristotles lantern

Question 43

How many teeth does the Aristotles lantern have?

Answer 43

5 teeth

Question 44

How many teeth does the Aristotles lantern have?

Answer 44

5 teeth

Question 45

Label the sea urchins madreporite and tube foot

Answer 45

Go onto good notes to do so.

Question 46

Where do Holothuroideas live?

Answer 46

On the sea floor

Question 47

How do Holothuroideas obtain oxygen from water?

Answer 47

Through a pair of respiratory trees

Question 48

What are the Ophuroidea called besides brittle stars?

Answer 48

Serpent stars

Question 49

How do you Serpent Stars move?

Answer 49

They use their 5 long arms used for locomotion

Question 50

How many shield plates do Serpent stars have?

Answer 50

5 mouth shield plates

Question 51

How many jaws does serpent stars have?

Answer 51

They have 5 jaws

Question 52

What does serpent stars have on each jaw?

Answer 52

5 papillae