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Bio Lab 112 > Detuerstomes: Phylum Chordata > Flashcards

Detuerstomes: Phylum Chordata Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 important characteristics that Chordates share at some point during development?

A
  1. Notocord
    2.Pharyngeal gill slits (pouches)
    3.dorsal hollow nerve cord
  2. Post anal tail
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2
Q

What are the sub phylum’s of Chordata?

A

Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and Vertabrata

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3
Q

What are the Lancelet muscle bands called?

A

Myomeres

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4
Q

How far does the dorsal fin extend?

A

Almost the full body

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5
Q

How much does the ventral fin extend?

A

Third of the lancelets body

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6
Q

What is the funnel shape at the anterior of the lancelet?

A

The buccal cavity

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7
Q

What is the buccal cavity surrounded by?

A

Oral tentacles

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8
Q

What are the colored spots called on the Lancelet?

A

Occeli

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9
Q

What is the function of ocelli?

A

They detect light and dark

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10
Q

Where does the buccal cavity lead to?

A

Leads to the pharynx

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11
Q

What is the pharynx lined with?

A

Cilia

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12
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

It makes a steady current of water which goes into the gill slits

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13
Q

Where is the gill slits connected too?

A

The pharynx

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14
Q

Where does the water go after going through the gill splits?

A

The atrium

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15
Q

What happens after the water goes through the atrium?

A

It gets eliminated by the atriopore

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16
Q

How are the food particles of a lancelet retained and processed?

A

They are retained by the pharynx and processed in the intestines

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17
Q

How does the liver of the lancelet help in the processes of digesting the food and where is it located?

A

The liver is located where the pharynx and the intestine join and it releases digestive enzymes into the intestine

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18
Q

Locate the myomeres, nerve cord, notocord, pharynx, gill bars, gill slits, gonads, and liver.

A

Go to good notes to complete.

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19
Q

Which stage of the tunicate has all four important chordate characteristics?

A

The larval stage

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20
Q

What type of siphons does tunicates have?

A

They have an incurrent and excurrent siphon

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21
Q

How is sub phylum Vertebrata characterized?

A

Endoskeleton, vertebral column, or back bone

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22
Q

How is the cartilage formed for vertebrata made?

A

The vertebrae wraps around the notocord and the extra turns into the cartilage

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23
Q

Are most vertebraes thermoconformers or thermoregulators?

A

Most are thermoconformers

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24
Q

What does it mean to be thermoconformers?

A

It means they can’t regulate their body temp inside

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25
What does it mean to be a thermoregulator?
It means that their body temperature is set a specific point even when their environments temp changes
26
What is apart of the bold face?
The head, trunk, and tail
27
What is the tail called?
The caudal fin
28
What are the two double external nares?
Nostrils
29
What is behind each eye for the yellow perch?
The operculum
30
What is the function of the operculum?
It serves as protection for covering the gills
31
What is the function of the operculum?
It serves as protection for covering the gills
32
What is the function of the lateral line and where is it located?
The lateral line is a system of water filled canals and it goes across the whole body
33
Where are the dorsal fins located?
On back of the perch
34
Where is the anal fin located?
The ventral side of the tail
35
Where can you find the anus and urogenital opening?
Anterior to the anal fin
36
Where are the pectoral fins located?
Behind the opercula
37
Where are the pelvic fins located?
Just below the pectoral fins
38
What are the function of the fins?
For swimming, steering, and maintaining equalimbrium
39
What color is the ovary if the perch is female?
Orange colored sacs filled with eggs
40
What do the testies look like in a male perch? How is the sperm passed out?
White and elongated and the sperm is passed out through the urogenital opening
41
Label ovary, testies, liver, intestine, stomach, anal opening, spleen, swim bladder, kidneys, heart, brain
Go to good notes to do so
42
What are the Classes of Phlyum Chordata and subphlyums?
Class Agantha- lampreys Class Chondrichthyes- cartilaginous fish Class Osteichthyes- Bony Fish Class Amphibia- amphibians Class Reptilia- reptiles Class Aves- Birds Class Mammalia- mammals Sub phylum Urochordata Sub phylum cephalochordata Sub phylum Vertebrata
43
How does the incurrent and excurrent siphons work on tunicates?
Water flows into the incurrent canal and flows out of the excurrent canal through the incurrent and excurrent siphons
44
How is oxygen absorbed by urochordata?
Through the pharyngeal gill slits
45
How are small food particles captured and put into the stomach?
Captured by cilia on the gill and transferred into stomach
46
How do Urochordata fertlize?
Through external fertilization, the larvae must attach and begin metamorphosis to adult 1-2 days or death will pccurm
47
What type of feeders are lancelets?
Filter feeders by using oral cirri which are tentacles and cilia
48
Where do lancelets live?
They burrow in sand
49
Why are lancelet key organisms?
Because they are between invertebrates and vertebraes
50
What’s the difference between a lancelet and a fish?
They are fish like with no fins
51
What are their muscle called?
Myomeres
52
What type of notocord do they have?
A hollow notocord
53
Which has the largest subphylum?
Subphylum Vertebrata
54
How are vertebraes nerve cord protected?
By the vertebral bones
55
Which animals are first to have true bones?
Vertebraes
56
Where does the nerve cord connect to in subphylum Vertebrata?
The brain enclosed in bone high degree of cephalization
57
Where are the sensory structures located for vertebraes?
At their head
58
What extensions do vertebraes have that protects their internal organs?
Ribs
59
In higher vertebrates what is only observed during embryonic development?
Gills
60
What do gills turn into in higher vertebrates?
Thyroid, larynx, and jaws
61
What is the organisms name in subphylum Vertebrata Class Agantha?
Lampreys
62
Do lampreys have jaws. Are the like invertebrates or vertebrates?
They are jawless and are invertebrates
63
What type of skeleton do lampreys have?
Cartilage skeleton
64
How many gill pores do lampreys have?
7 gill pores
65
What adaption does lampreys have?
Mouth sucking
66
What organism is a cartilaginous, jawed fish? Label Subphylum and class.
Subphylum Vertebrata Class Chondrichthyes
67
What type of heart does Chondrichthyes have?
2 chambered hearts (ventricle and atrium)
68
Do Class Chondrichthyes have external nares?
Yes they have two external nostrils
69
What type of skin do Chondrichthyes have?
Dermal denticles (skin teeth)
70
How many gills do Chondrichthyes have?
5-7 based on species
71
How to Chondrichthyes move water over their gills?
They must swim continuously
72
What type of fertilization does Chondrichthyes have?
Internal fertilization with live birth
73
What Subphylum and Class are bony and jawed fish?
Class Osteichthyes
74
What type of bladders do class Osteichithyes?
They have swim bladders
75
What type of bladders do class Osteichithyes?
They have swim bladders
76
What is the function of the operculum for Osteichthyes?
Moves water over gills which helps them breathe without swimmjng
77
Are Osteichthyes Ectothermic or Endothermic?
They are ectothermic meaning cold blooded
78
Are Osteichthyes Ectothermic or Endothermic?
They are ectothermic meaning cold blooded
79
What type of fins do Osteichthyes have?
Pectoral fins, pelvic fins, and dorsal fins
80
What type of fins do Osteichthyes have?
Pectoral fins, pelvic fins, and dorsal fins
81
What is special about Osteichthyes skin?
Their skin has mucus glands and scales
82
What is special about Osteichthyes skin?
Their skin has mucus glands and scales
83
Do Osteichthyes have teeth?
Yes many of them
84
What does the lateral line do for Osteichthyes?
It’s a sensory structure
85
What subphylum are tetrapods?
Class Amphibia
86
What do the tetrapod larvae have?
Gills and after metamorphosis turns into lungs
87
How does class Amphibia use their skin?
They use it as a secondary respiratory surface
88
How does class Amphibia reproduce?
In the freshwater environment
89
How does class Amphibia reproduce?
In the freshwater environment
90
What type of fertilization does class Amphibia do?
External fertilization
91
Do tadpoles have a lateral line and do they transfer to adults?
Tadpoles do have lateral lines however they don’t transfer to adults
92
Do frogs have eardrums?
Yes they have a well developed internal ear drum behind the eye
93
Are frogs predators or prey’s?
They are predators
94
Which class is a vertebrate, warm blooded, and are amnioties?
Class Mammalia
95
What are the distinguishing features of class Mammalia?
Mammary glands, hair, three inner ear bones, and neocortex (brain)
96
Do all Mammalia give birth?
No there are 5 species which lay eggs
97
What are some of the ways Mammalia have dependence on when their babies?
Marsupial and placental
98
How to Mammalia offspring eat?
Milk produced by mammary glands from female (mom)
99
Perch dissection
Go to Goodnotes to do so.

Bio Lab 112 (4 decks)

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