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biologyy > Deuterostomes > Flashcards

Deuterostomes Flashcards

1
Q

Two main groups of deuterostomes

A

Echinodermata, Chordata

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2
Q

Shared characteristics of Deuterostomes?

A

formation of anus from blastopore, enterocoelus, indeterminate fate of early blastopore, radial cleavage

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3
Q

Echinodermata body type?

A

larvae bilateral, adult is five-sided radial symmetry

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4
Q

Body features of echinodermata?

A

calcium carbonate endoskeleton, and water vascular system

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5
Q

five living echinoderm lineages?

A

crinoidea, asteroidea, ophiuroidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea

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6
Q

Traits of embryonic development in chordata

A

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, muscular post-anal tail

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7
Q

three major lineages of chordata

A

cephalochordates, urochordates, craniates(vertebrates)

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8
Q

Role pharyngeal slits?

A

suspension feeding devices for invertebrates, gas exchange in vertebrates(non tetrapods) aka gills, for tetrapods it is part of ear neck head

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9
Q

dorsal hollow nerve cord becomes what in chordates?

A

like a CNS

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10
Q

Cephalochordata are also known as?

A

lancelets or amphioxus

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11
Q

traits of cephalochordata?

A

most basal group, mobile but can be suspension feeders, marine, external fertilization

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12
Q

traits of urochordata(tunicates)?

A

marine, retained only pharyngeal slits as adults, two siphons, U-shaped gut, exoskeletal tunic, sexual/asexual/e or i

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13
Q

traits of craniates?

A

vertebrates with skull, can have brain other sensory organs, higher metabolism, heart with 2 or more chambers, RBC w hemoglobin, kidneys

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14
Q

monophyletic vertebrates distinguished by what..?

A

spinal column(cartilage or bone), cranium, fin rays(in aquatic forms)

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15
Q

myxini(hagfish) key traits

A

marine bottom dwellers, cartilage, no true vertebrae, lack jaws, small brain/eyes/ears,tooth

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16
Q

petromyzontids(lampreys) key traits

A

lack jaws, ectoparasites of fish, fresh/salt water, lack true vertebrae as well

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17
Q

burgess shale show what ancient chordates?

A

conodonts and other fossil chordates even some echinoderm

18
Q

traits of conodonts

A

soft-bodied, lacking jaws , made mainly of cartilage, dental elements make them good index fossil

19
Q

key vertebrate innovations in order?

A

bony exoskeleton, jaws, bony endoskeleton, limbs for land, amniotic egg

20
Q

what are ostracoderms?

A

extinct jawless fishesm armored scale plates

21
Q

derived characters of gnathostomes?

A

have jaws, enlarged forebrain, lateral line system(for aquatic forms), most diverse vertebrates

22
Q

name the two ancient extinct gnathostomes

A

placoderms(no teeth, sister group), acanthodians(sister to bony fish)

23
Q

chondrichthyes body type?

A

cartilage, also have cloaca

24
Q

features of chondrichthyes?

A

predatory, acute senses, internal fertilization via claspers on fins

25
Q

two majors groups of chondrichthyes?

A

elasmobranchi and holocephalians

26
Q

traits of elasmobranchi?

A

spiral valve, apullae of lorenzini, diverse

27
Q

traits of holocephalians?

A

venomous spine/operculum, single gill opening and no cloaca

28
Q

three clades of amphibians

A

AAU– anura, apoda, uredela

29
Q

anura consists of?

A

tailess ones, frogs toads

30
Q

apoda?

A

legless ones, caecilians

31
Q

uredela?

A

tailed ones– salamanders

32
Q

amphibian characters?

A

lungs and skin for respiration as adults, used gills as larvae, moist skin, cloaca, metamorphosis

33
Q

3 clades of amniotes?

A

anapsida, synapsida, diapsida

34
Q

4 extra-embryonic layers in amniotic egg?

A

amnion, yolk sac, allantois, chorion

35
Q

four major lineages of reptiles?

A

squamates, chelonians, crocodilians, aves

36
Q

two groups of reptiles?

A

lepidosaurs and archosaurs

37
Q

squamata characters?

A

cranial kinesis, vomernasal organ, usually lizards and snakes

38
Q

birds descended from ____ dinosaurs

A

theropod

39
Q

birds are part of monophyletic group called?

A

dinosauria

40
Q

features that aid birds in flight?

A

lack of urinary bladder, one ovary(lighter), large pectoral muscles anchored to keel on sternum

41
Q

two groups of birds today are?

A

neornithes and ratites

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