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Biodiveristy And Evoltion > Deuterostomes > Flashcards

Deuterostomes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a protostome and a deuterostome

A

Protostome = mouth first
Deuterostome = anus first

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of a deuterostome

A

Triploblastic
Blastopore becomes anus
Coelomates

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3
Q

What is a coelom

A

Internal cavity full of fluid surrounded by a layer of tissue called peritoneum. Provides more control over the movement of fluids in the body cavity

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4
Q

What are the main phyla in deuterostomes

A

Echinoderms
Hemichordates
Chordates

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5
Q

What are the characteristics echinoderms

A

All marine
Larvae have bilateral symmetry
Adults have pentaradial symmetry
Oral side and aboral side
Internal skeleton of calcified plates
Water vascular system

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6
Q

What are the main parts of the water vascular system and what are they used for

A

Maderepotrite
Ring canal
Radial canals
Tube feet

It provides the echinoderm with gas exchange, feeding and locomotion

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7
Q

What are the classes of echinoderms

A

Crinoidea (sea Lillies/feather stars)
Asteroidea (starfish)
Ophiuroidea (brittle stars)
Echinoidea (sea urchins / sand dollars)
Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)

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8
Q

What are the classes of hemichordates

A

Enteropneusta
Pterobranchia

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9
Q

What are the main features of of of chordates

A

Hollow dorsal nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits
Notochord
Post-anal tail

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10
Q

What are pharyngeal slits

A

They are slits that connect the pharynx with external environment. Early chordates used them as filter feeding apparatus and fish use them as gills. All chordates have them but they are often lost during later stages of embryonic development

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11
Q

What is the notochord

A

A long tube in cephalochordates made of cells with turgid filled vacuoles and an outer sheath layer. It is replaced by the vertebral column during embryonic development in nearly all vertebrates

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of chordates

A

Myomeres: muscles arranged in blocks
Internal skeleton: against which the muscles work

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13
Q

What are the main group of Chordata

A

Cephalochordata
Tunicata (Urochordata)
Vertebrata

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14
Q

What are the non vertebrate phylum of Chordata

A

Urochordata (tunicates / salps / larvaceans / sea squirts)
Cephalochordata (lancelets)

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of vertebrates

A

Vertebral column
Endoskeleton
Body plan
Head and neural crest
Highly differentiated brain
Internal organs

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16
Q

Why are jawless fishes exceptions

A

They are the only vertebrate without a complete skull and no vertebrae (notochord persists)

17
Q

What are the different aspects of the vertebrates brain

A

Hindbrain: primarily coordinates motor reflexes
Midbrain: visual information
Forebrain: olfactory information

Biodiveristy And Evoltion (16 decks)

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