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Geography- Changing Places > Detroit > Flashcards

Detroit Flashcards

1
Q

Location

A

North East USA- the industrial heartland
On the edge of the Great Lakes
Michigan
Close to the Canadian border

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2
Q

Locale

A

The Steel Belt Boom- Ship building and railroad cars
Used to be a car manufacturing city
Lack of community spirit

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3
Q

Sense of Place

A

Run down city
Clear population divide
Many derelict buildings

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4
Q

Why was Detroit ideal for factories during the Steel Belt Boom?

A

Easy access to coal

Large availability of iron ore

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5
Q

When did the city become associated with car manufacturing?

A

20th Century

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6
Q

Examples of car companies

A

Ford (dominant)
GM
Chrysler

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7
Q

What triggered the ‘Great Migration’?

How many migrants came?

A

Car manufacturing

200,000 mainly black Americans came from the deep south

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8
Q

What was the largest force of change leading to the car industry decline?

A

Ford and GM
Relocated to countries like Brazil where labour was cheaper (caused a large number of redundancies in Detroit- increased unemployment)
Also rise in foreign competition i.e. BMW

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9
Q

Why was OPEC a force of change leading to the car industry decline?

A

1974 Arab embargo- oil prices quadrupled

Consumers turned to fuel efficient cars like Toyotas to reduce petrol costs- Ford saw reduced demand

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10
Q

Why was the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 a force of change leading to car industry decline?

A

Encouraged consumers to buy fuel efficient cars

Ford and GM saw reduce sales, so went abroad for cheaper labour to maintain high profits

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11
Q

Which sector dominates Detroit today?

A

Tertiary (80%)

Secondary (only 20%)

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12
Q

Main industries of Detroit?

A

Trade
Transport
Utilities

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13
Q

What does Detroit Soup do?

A

Promote community based development through crowdfunding
Community pays $5, has soup and listens to 4 speakers talk about their idea to help the community, then they vote
One with the most votes receives the money raised to fund their project

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14
Q

Detroit Soup: Economic Project Example

A

Rebel Nell
Employs disadvantaged women, teaches them how to make jewellery
Educates them on finance and business management so they can continue in the future

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15
Q

Detroit Soup: Rebel Nell Successes

A

Improves QofL for disadvantage women
Can use their new skills to earn a living in the future
Continually helps new women

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16
Q

Detroit Soup: Rebel Nell Limitations

A

Doesn’t help men
Only small scale- can’t help everyone
Local market will become flooded with jewellery- only so much demand

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17
Q

Detroit Soup: Social Project Example

A

Shakespeare in Detroit
Residents take part in performances
So far engaged 8,000 audience members
Stages performances in historic sites all over Detroit

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18
Q

Detroit Soup: Shakespeare in Detroit Successes

A

Encourages cultural diversity- brings together the community
Goes into local schools and teaches Shakespeare- wider reaching
Inspires some students

19
Q

Detroit Soup: Shakespeare in Detroit Limitations

A

Have to audition- many residents lack the confidence

Only people with an interest in theatre benefit

20
Q

Detroit Soup: Environmental Project Example

A

Fresh Cut Flower Farm
Converted part of the derelict inner city into a farm
Local people grow the flowers
Sold to florists and wholesalers

21
Q

Detroit Soup: Fresh Cut Flower Farm Successes

A 
Employs locals
Educates in horticulture 
Improves the aesthetics of the area
Open days strengthen community spirit
Encourages businesses to invest
22
Q

Detroit Soup: Fresh Cut Flower Farm Limitations

A

Small scale- can’t have a large economic impact
Doesn’t employ a large number of people
Very niche- not many florists in the area- so hard to expand in the future

23
Q

Overall impact of Detroit Soup

A

Lots of small scale projects- something to suit everyone

Tackles social, economic and environmental issues

24
Q

Population in 1900?
What percentage white?
Black?

A

286,000
98% white
1.4% black

25
Population in 1950? What percentage white? Black?
1,850,000 84% white 16% black
26
Population in 2010? What percentage white? Black?
714,000 11% white 83% black
27
Why did suburbanisation occur?
Increased racial tension- 'white flight' Increasing tax rates in the city Lower crime rates in suburbs Federal Aid Highway Act 1956- increased highways- could commute Later on, diminishing jobs opportunities in the city, so people went where the work was
28
Why were businesses attracted to the suburbs?
Cheaper land Good transport links Good communication links
29
Ethnic distribution
Whites north of 8 mile Blacks south of 8 mile (housing discrimination) POLARISED city
30
What caused 25,000 workers to go on strike in 1943?
Packard Motor Car Company promoting 3 black employees
31
Average yearly earnings in the suburbs? | Who lives there?
$200,000 | Whites and rich (normally third generation) blacks
32
Average yearly earnings in the city? | Who lives there?
$7,000-$49,000 | Blacks and poor whites
33
Which road is constantly blocked so the white residents can separate themselves from the blacks? (Racial and economic divide)
Alter Road | Blocked using snow, fences, concrete walls
34
What was the problem with the police force during the riots?
Most officers were white
35
What worsened the 1967 riot?
Police officers are alleged to have murdered 3 black men
36
Impacts of the 1967 riot?
Businesses looted Many left dead or injured Much of the damage was never repaired
37
When was Motown Music founded? | Why did Motown Music play an important part in racial integration?
1959 Music performed written by black and white people- everyone listened i.e. Jackson 5 Normalised black people being seen on TV
38
What can we infer about Detroit from the Red Hot Chilli Pepper song 'Detroit'?
'Rolling rings of rubber'- cars 'Decay' of the city 'Henry' Ford- the city rose and fell because of the car
39
What can we infer about Detroit from 8 Mile?
``` Argues class is more important than race Evidence of drug and domestic abuse Residents have a lack of aspiration Lack of law- paintballs shot at police Low skilled workers with low wages 'can't get by with {their} 9 to 5' ```
40
Strengths of using 8 Mile?
Highlights key issues i.e. high levels of crime Gave sense of place Showed lack of investment
41
Limitations of using 8 Mile?
``` No time scale Exaggerated for audiences No evidence about the rest of Detroit- bias Only looked at youth No data ```
42
4 main factors impacting lived experience
Changing demographics Cultural change Economic change Political impact
43
Qualitative Sources
8 Mile | Red Hot Chilli Pepper- 'Detroit'
44
Quantitative Sources
Census data | Websites about the riots

Geography- Changing Places (6 decks)

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