Detroit Flashcards
Location
NE USA, East Michigan, surrounded by Lake Huron and Lake Erie
connected to Atlantic Ocean by ST Lawrence river (transport goods)
Early development
Endogenous
-Shipping and shipbuilding
-Saint Lawrence river connects to Atlantic Ocean
Exogenous
-French colonisation of Detroit in 1701 (led to simulation of french infrastructure)
-Britain colonised in late 18th century
Economic change
Steel Belt Boom
access to coal mines and iron ore
established waterways and railroads for transport
1910-50 Detroit was known as Motor City
200,000 employed in manufacturing
Ford create Assembly line so allowed for mass production
Population change in detroit
Total Population in 1905 was 500,000
peak of 1.8 m in 1950 then gradual decrease to 700,000 in 2010
1820=95% white, 5% black
2010=10% white, 83% black
BOOM
1910= 98% white, 1% black
1950=83% white, 16% black
1967=55% white, 43% black
Factors causing the boom
Total Pop, 1905=500,000 to peak of 1.8 m in
1950 then gardual decrease to 700,000 in 2010
1820 95% white, 5% black
2010 10% white and 83% black
BOOM
1910= 98% white, 1% black
1950=83% white, 16% black
1967 white =55%, Black=43%
Great migration
movement of millions black people from S to N due to racism
John Crowe law beginning in early 1900s
Ford payed equal wages of $5 a day to all races
Urban decline following deindustrialisation
20% unemployed as of 2023
40% people and 57% of children live in absolute poverty (below $24.339 for a family of 4)
Population of 613,000 in 2023
Reasons for the decline
1) competition from abroad (globalisation and cheaper labour for car production)
-1946 cars were mainly produced in the US but as of 1990 more were produced globally
2) deindustrialisation
- manufacturing employment decreased from 200,000 in 1958 to 48,000 in 2002
3) 1973 Arab Oil Embargo due to US supplying weaponry
-1975 oil had risen from $3 a barrel to $12
- small fuel efficient foreign cars preferred
Effects of the decline
1) competition from abroad
-globalistaion, cars can be made chepaer elswhere ( Brazil)
-1946 cars predominantly made in US but thats has only increased to 10 m as of 1990 but world increased to 45 million
2) deindustrialisation
-manufacturing firm decreased from 3500 in 1963 to 600 in 2002
- manufacturing employment decreased from 200,000 in 1958 to 48,000 in 2002
3)1973 Arab Oil Embargo due to US supplying weaponry to ‘israil durin Yom Kippur - War
-1975 oil had risen from $3 a barrel to $12
- small fuel efficient foreign cars preferred
4)1979 political conflict in Iran led to politic
-economy in turmoil, high inflation, high unemployment, high interest rates, Chrysler had to get $1.5bn loan from gov
Social inequality
Segregation- action of setting
someone apart from others
racial disintegration- tendency of society to decline or disintegrate a race overtime
Demographics
Detroit, white=10% , Black =82%
Michigan, white=78%, black=14%
USA, white =71%, 12%
Why Detroit became segregated
underlying causes- black ppl from south
white ppl viewd black ppl as threat to communities and jobs
motor car company promoted 3 ppl to assmebly line 1943 so 20,000 white people went on strike
Trigger causes
1967 riots, police officers raid unlicensed black bar and arrested 82 people
bystanders gathered and then began looting and violence
Consequences
34 killed, 600 injured, 1800 arrested
white flight to suburbs exacerbating segregation
wealth left with white ppl
2010 pattern of ethnicity
black central region, barrier of 8 mile road
enclaves Hispanic and Asian within this area
suburbs predominately white with enclaves of black people.
2000 pattern of income
central areas <$6600 to $20,000
<$6600 correlating with black pop
$100,000 suburbs correlating with white pop.
8 mile road
1928, dirt road m-102 BUT NOW 8 lane 20 miles long
8 miles north of the coast significance to segregation
physical dividing line, cultural boundary between black urban core and white suburbs
residents in suburbs take pride in having never crossed 8 mile road
wall built to separate black and white housing estates
Alter road (small scale segregation)
unofficial barries (fences, concrete, pilled xmas trees, famers markets, snow) creating social barrriers
82% black, median income $26,000
compared to 85% white and $101,000 at Grosse Point
Economy today
unofficial barries (fences, concrete, pilled xmas trees, famers markets, snow) creating social barrriers
82% black, median income $26,000
compared to 85% white and $101,000 at Grosse Point
Recovery evidence in Detroit
5.5 mile pedestrianised and bike area along the river
transport link from suburbs to this area
$2bn spent on real estste between 2010-12
downtown rents $400 higher than year before
low rent attracts businesses
Michigan Works helping unksilled wokers get jobs in conduction
street lights in 80% outer detroit
Criticisms of recovery
5.5 mile pedestrianised and bike area along the river
transport link from suburbs to this area
$2bn spent on real estste between 2010-12
downtown rents $400 higher than year before
low rent attracts businesses
Michigan Works helping unksilled wokers get jobs in conduction
street lights in 80% outer detroit
Detroit soup
community based development which looks to empower residents
pay $5 and receive a soup meal while listening to 4 ppl pitch regeneration ideas
end of the night, all money raised that night goes to pitch with most votes
Examples
Sit on it Detroit
- 20 benches at bus stops made from reclaimed wood from destroyed buildings
-literature placed in bottom
Food Field
-4 acre urban farm
-localised food economy providing food to residents and local businesses
-uses solar and aquaphonics (fish nutruent water grows plants )
Empowerment plan
-25 staff employed from Detroit homeless centre
- 4500 coast made for the homeless around US
-investors include brands like Carhartt
