Determining Truth Flashcards
Philosophers often grapple with the concept of what?
TRUTH
The first concept about Truth is rooted in an ancient Greek philosophy’s concept of knowledge as ?
JUSTIFIED, TRUE BELIEF
This concept states that something is tru because you believe it to be true, and that there is justification for such belief.
JUSTIFIED, TRUE BELIEF
States that something is true if it corresponds to reality or the actual state of affairs.
CORRESPONDENCE THEORY
This theory assumes a direct relationship between an idea and reality and that a statement can be taken as “fact.”
CORRESPONDENCE THEORY
Proposes that something is true if it makes sense when placed in a certain situation or context
COHERENCE THEORY
A philosophical concept which contends that there are no absolute truths.
RELATIVISM
Holds that knowledge is shaped by social forces and influenced by culture and history.
CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY
The views of knowledge as based on agreement, and that something is true if almost everyone agrees that it is true
CONSENSUS THEORY
Holds the view that something is tru if we can put it into practice or is useful in real life. It also believes that ideas should be continually tested to confirm their validity
PRAGMATIC THEORY
A related theory, which considers that ideas must be verified using senses or experience
VERIFICATIONISM
Ideas and claims are often presented in the form of what? And these what are phrased in such a way that they seem reasonable
ARGUMENTS
What kinds of arguments where based on faulty reasoning
FALLACIES
Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself
AD HOMINEM
Using the threat of force or an undesirable event to advance an argument
APPEAL TO FORCE
Using emotions such as pity or sympathy
APPEAL TO EMOTION
The idea is presented as acceptable because a lot of people accept it
APPEAL TO POPULAR
The idea is acceptable because it has been true for a long time
APPEAL TO TRADITION
Assuming the thing or idea to be proven is true; also known as “circular argument”
BEGGING THE QUESTION
Assuming a “cause-and-effect” relationship between unrelated events
CAUSE-AND-EFFECT
Assuming that what is true for a part is true for the whole
FALLACY OF COMPOSITION
Assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its parts
FALLACY OF DIVISION
“Of course, he believes that the government is flawed. He is a rebel and a Communist!” What kind of fallacy in the quoted statement?
AD HOMINEM
“All these charges are baseless; this is just palin harassment – can’t you see how this is affecting my family
APPEAL TO EMOTION
“If this peace agreement wil not be signed by the government, then we will have no recourse but to go to war” what type of fallacy it is?
APPEAL TO FORCE
” Every boy your age already had a girlfriend, you should go and find one” what type of fallacy it this?
APPEAL TO THE POPULAR
“Marriage should be between a man and a woman. It has been so far a long time in this country; it should remain so today and in the future” what type of fallacy is this?
APPEAL TO TRADITION
“I have a right to free speech, therefore, you cannot stop me from talking” What type of fallacy is this?
BEGGING THE QUESTION
“You come from a family of doctors and intellectuals! Surely you can do better in this course!” What type of fallacy is this?
FALLACY OF DIVISION
“Ever since you bought that sweater, everything has been going wrong in your life. You should get rid of it” What type of fallacy is this?
CAUSE-AND-EFFECT
“These cases of robberies in thus district have convinced me that the city has become a den if thieves and criminals” What type of fallacy is this?
FALLACY OF COMPOSITION
Generally established truths, easily verified, and do not easily change from one situation to another
FACTS
Are more subjective and may express certain views and beliefs
OPINIONS
Refer to tendencies or influences which affect the views of people
BIAS
