Determinants, Equity and interventions Flashcards
What is the population perspective
thinking in terms of groups rather than individuals
What are the determinants of health in a population
Genes Environment Physical environment Social and economic environment Lifestyle Health care
In Public health, what are the key concerns
Wider determinants of health
Prevention:Primary, Secondary,Tertiary
Inequalities in health
What is the definition of equity
What is fair and what is just. Based on judgement
What is the definition of equality
Concerned about equal shares. Can be measured
What is Horizontal equity
Equal treatment for equal need
e.g. Individuals with pneumonia (with all other things being equal) should be treated equally
What is vertical equity
Vertical equity
Unequal treatment for unequal need
e.g. Individuals with common cold vs pneumonia need unequal treatment
e.g. Areas with poorer health may need higher expenditure on health services
What is primary prevention
Preventing a health problem from happening in the first place
What is secondary prevention
Detecting the problem at the preclinical stage, or preventing the problem from happening again
What is tertiary prevention
Reducing the impact of a pre-existing health condition
What are the different forms health equity appears in
Equal expenditure for equal need Equal access for equal need Equal utilisation for equal need Equal health care outcome for equal need Equal health
What are the dimensions of health equity
Spatial - geographic
Social - age, gender, class (socioeconomic) and ethnicity
How can we examine health equity
Supply of health care Access to health care Utilisation of health care Health care outcomes Health status Resource allocation Health services Other services e.g. education, housing Wider determinants of health e.g. diet, smoking, healthcare seeking behaviour, socioeconomic and physical environment
How can health equity be assessed
- Assess inequality
- then decide if it is inequitable (can the inequalities be explained)
- investigate the health care systems (are they equitable in terms of utilisation, health status or supply)
What are the three domains of public health practice
Health improvement
Health protection
Improving services (health care)
