Detente - Summits Flashcards
When was the Moscow Summit?
May 1972
What was the overall outcome of the Moscow Summit?
- Finalised SALT agreements
- Set out guidelines for American-Soviet relations
What was the guidelines called in US-USSR relations and how many principles? (Moscow)
‘The Basic Principles of Relations between the Unites state and the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics’
- 12 principles
What were the 3 main principles of‘ The Basic Principles of Relations between the Unites state and the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics’?
- No alternative to peaceful co-existence
- No interference in affairs/equality etc - Focus on avoiding situations which could damage peaceful coexistence
- Negotiation is key
- Commitment to not seek advantages at the expense of the other - Responsibility of both to prevent international tensions
- Live in peace and security and not interference
Importance of Moscow guidlelines for each power - And legal?
Not legally binding
USA - Concerned principles were aspirations rather than future detente
USSR - Principles were of fundemental importance
Significance of Moscow
- Recognition of parity towards detente
- Consoldiates SALT I
- Recognition of nuclear threat
- Politically beneficial
When was the Vladivostok Summit?
November 1974
What was overall agreement at Vladivostok?
Framework for a 10 year arms plan and a preliminary movement towards SALT II treaty
What was the initial agreement from the USSR at Vladivostok?
Equal levels of ICBM and SLBM
When did Congress pass resolutions at Vladivostok?
February 1975
What was the issues at Vladivostok?
USA argued that the limit on air-to-surface missiles applied only to ballistic missiles while the Soviet Union argues it also included cruise missiles
Opposition to Vladivostok in USA
Secretary of Defense Donal Rumsfield, Chairman of the Join CHiefs of Staff George Brown and many others
What was the position of SALT II and Vladistovok at the end of Ford?
No sign of an agreement
What was Carter’s approach to Vladistovok and arms agreement?
More ambitious approach
- Specifically due to pressure of public opinion
What had Carter done by March 1977? (During Vladistovok)
Carter was considering substantially reduced levels of heavy ICBMs, new limits on testing and a ban on new types of ICBMs
- Not interested in completing Kissinger’s unfinshed agreements at Vladistovok
When were Carter’s plans unveiled to the Soviets?
28 March 1977
What were some of the Carter’s proposals to the Soviets in Vladistov?
- Reducing strategic systems from 2400 agreed level at Vladistov to between 1800 and 2000
- Reducing number of launchers for missiles with MIRVs from 1320 to 1110
- Reducing modern ICBMs to 150 and launchers for ICBMs with MIRVs to 550
- Ban on development, testing and deployment of new ICBMS
- A ban on all types of cruise missiles with a range of above 2500 km
- Only heavy bombers could have air launched cruise missiles with a range of 600-2500 km
What was Brezhnev’s reaction to Carters proposals at Vladivostok?
Proposals demanded a disproportionate reduction in Soviet forced compared to those of the US so Brezhnev simply rejected them
- Regarded it as unilateral and presented in a unacceptable manner
- Feeling that Carter’s administration was moving away from detente and cooperation
When was Vienna Summit?
June 1979
What was the aim of the Vienna Summit?
Both SU and US wanted SALT II
When was the agreement signed at Vienna announced?
May 9 1979
What was the impact of Vienna?
The fact that such a summit could take place means Soviet and American leadership could communicate directly rather than through intermediaries
