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HISTORY: End of Cold War > DETENTE > Flashcards

DETENTE Flashcards

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1
Q

defintion

A

process of easing tensions between superpowers ( in regards to nuclear powers)

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2
Q

involved?

A

Richard Nixon
Salt
Leonid Brezhnev

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3
Q

origins

A
  • started with Kruschchev and Eisenhower/Kennedy

- cuban missile crisis as direct catalyst for detente; supoerwpoers afraid of nuclear powers and massive retaliation

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4
Q

mutual assured destruction

A

allowed for periodict meetings between superpowers called ‘summits’ to discuss global issues of mutual concern
-first summed held in Geneva 1955

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5
Q

Truman ideology

A

believe nuclear weapons should be political descision

  • communication key to avoid warfar
  • conflict with General Mac Arthur in use of nuclear weapons (political not military descision)
  • SOVIETS adopt similar policy
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6
Q

Eisenhower ideology

A

Sees nuclear weapons as an instrument of politcy and war; military strategy important

  • plans for total war (joint chief of staff); sees that its a lot of cost
  • soviets also need to lower their military expenditure
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7
Q

Kennedy Ideology

A
  • accepts policy of nuclear warfare and high costs and staibity
  • kruschnev has his ‘peaceful coedistence’policy
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8
Q

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

A
  • 1963
  • US and USSR create stop underwated, space and atmosphere nuclear bomb testing
    issue; other powers also deveoping nuclear powers who arent party of the treaty
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9
Q

Non Proliferation Treaty

A
  • 1968
  • keep nuclear techonology among those who have it and dont share it
  • US, USSR and UK sign
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10
Q

Nuclear Agreements and Helinski Accrods

A

negotaitons between supoerwpoers about spread and limitations of nuclear weapons in countries that counted as nuclear powers

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11
Q

Brezhnev

A
  • established regime in USSR; realist

- 1967; accepts Johnsons Agreements to being bilateral talks regarding arms limitations (hindered by Czech Invasion)

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12
Q

SALT

A

Strategic Arms Limitations Talks

1969; Nixon takes offer and formal negotations begin

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13
Q

SALT 1

A
  • 1972
  • US and USSR agree to freeze the number of ballistic missile launchers
  • only use of new submarine launched missiles allowed (old ones removed)
  • Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty; signed and limtiations set on ABMS that can defend area for nuclear attack
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14
Q

SALT 2

A
  • 1972-79
  • negotiations to reduce amount of nuclear heads on each side to 2250
    + ban new weapons programmes
    -honoured untill 1983 when Reagan accused Soviet Violation of treaty and he began the SDI Programme to shield from nuclear attack
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15
Q

START

A

1982

  • Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
  • more limits on # of nuclear warheads and weapons-
  • USSR at disavtange as US has more ICBMS
  • 1991 treaty; limits fighet planes
  • new treaties had to be made when USSR collapsed however
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16
Q

Helinksi Treaty

A

1973; attented by 33 countries

  • human rights
  • conference on securty and cooperation in europe

FINAL ACT: cooperation in science, tech, environment, human rights

TRADE REFORM ACT: denied credit to any ‘non market’ economy that imposed emmigrant taxes to allow soviet jews to emmigrate

17
Q

Israel

A
  • USSR supports Egypt and speaks out against Israel
  • Has a more devveloepd economy due to US aid
  • hostile to Egypt
18
Q

Egypt

A
  • USSR is main arm supower power
  • need to dissengage for peace
  • Anwar Sadart dismisses the USSR;s help to develop country as there is a NO TOLERANCE POLICY OF EXTERNAL POWER AID
19
Q

Middle east conclusions

A

Brezhnev and Nixon sign the 1979 Peace Agrreement

20
Q

USSR reasons for detente

A
  • economy failing
  • wanted to develop own country and standard of living
  • deteriortating realtionship with China; USSR wants to keep China isolated from west by having better relations with west
21
Q

US reasons for detente

A
  • Wanted to take into account a more realistic policy after Vietnam war (REALPOLITIK)
  • Nion wants to put pressure on NV to end war using detente
  • economy struggling cause of arms production
22
Q

successes of detnte

A 
Salt I
Stratetic Arms Limitations Treaty 1972:
- ABM treaty
-INTERIM treaty
-Basic Principles agreement

Salt II
- arms reductiosn

23
Q

Interim Treaty

A
  • basic limit on number of basllisic missiles and sumbarine missiles
24
Q

Basic principles Treaty

A
  • laied out basic rules of conduct for nuclear war and evelopment of weapons
  • both sides had to work together for apeaceful coexistence
25
Q

Stephen Ambrose

A
  • critizes treaty for not going far enough in limiting nuclear weapons
  • says that the ommision made by this treating of MIRVS vehicles made the treaty irrelevant
26
Q

agreements between E/W germany and USSR

A

Moscow Treaty
Final Quadriparite Protocol
Basic Treaty

27
Q

Basic Treaty

A

1972

  • signed by east and west germany
  • officially acceptex existence of the two germanys ( OSPOLITIK IMPROVEMENT)
  • reduced tension in Europe
28
Q

Moscow Treaty

A
  • Recognition of border between E and W Germany and wwii border of east with poland
    -signed by USSR, Poland and Federal Republic of Germany
    1970
29
Q

Final Quadriparitete Protocol

A
  • 1972
  • victory for wily brandt; maintnence of status quo in berlin
  • confirms that west ahs legal basis for access routes to city
30
Q

agreements between US and China

A
  • Us dropped objections to China taking seat on Securty Council
  • Trade and travel restirctiosn lifted
  • sporting events started taking place
  • nixon visited china
  • done as a strategic advantage for US to have over USSR
31
Q

why did detente go under pressure?

A
  • USSR involvement in Angola Civil War
  • Soviets and Cubans involved in Ethiopia War against Sopalia
  • Jimmy Carter tried to link economic deals with improved human rights 1976; allow SOviet Jews to emigrate
  • people in US felt that arms agreement benefited soviets and that USSR was expanding its influence in middle east and africa
32
Q

why did detente collapse?

A
  • Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1979
    = Carter refuses to sign SALT II and breaks off relations with soviets (e.g trade and olympic games)
    = carter announces Carter Doctrine

HISTORY: End of Cold War (10 decks)

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