Detente Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term détente mean?

A

The relaxing of tension or hostility between nations.

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2
Q

What does SALT stand for and what were they?

A
  • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.

- Talks which limited the number of nuclear weapons and warheads held by each side

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3
Q

What decade was associated with détente?

A

1970s

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4
Q

How long did detente last?

A

7 years

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5
Q

When was SALT I?

A

1972

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6
Q

What was agreed at SALT I?

A
  • The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, ABM systems were only allowed at two sites.
  • A five year freeze on the total number of ICBM and SLBM launchers.
  • Each site was allowed to use satellites to check that the other was not breaking the arms limit.
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7
Q

What was not agreed in SALT I?

A
  • Strategic bombs and their bombers were not limited.

- No restrictions placed on developing new weapons.

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8
Q

When was the space link-up and what happened?

A
  • 17th July 1975

- Three US astronauts and two soviet cosmonauts met up in space with a symbolic handshake.

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9
Q

When was the Helsinki Conference?

A

August 1975

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10
Q

Where was the Helsinki Conference? (This is a tough one)

A

Poland.

jk its Finland.

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11
Q

What was agreed at the Helsinki Conference?

A
  • Signed by 35 countries
  • The soviets agreed to buy grain from America and export oil to the west.
  • The soviets agreed to allow greater freedom in the Soviet Union to western journalist
  • All countries agreed to improve human rights throughout the world.
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12
Q

When did SALT II begin and end?

A

1974 - June 1979.

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13
Q

What was agreed by SALT II?

A
  • A limit of 2400 strategic nuclear delivery vehicles for each side.
  • Limits on other warheads
  • A limit on the deployment of new types of strategic offensive arms.
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14
Q

Was SALT II ratified by USA? (checked, proven)

A

No it was not as they were concerned about the 2000 soviet troops in Cuba, so in retaliation NATO put long-range missiles in Europe.

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15
Q

Why did détente end?

A

Due to the Soviet Union invading Afghanistan in December 1979.

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16
Q

When was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

A

1979.

17
Q

Who were the Mujahidin?

A

Afghan Muslim freedom fighters who fought against the Soviet occupation using guerrilla tactics.

18
Q

Why did the Soviets invade Afghanistan?

A
  • They were concerned about the Muslim revolution in neighbouring Iran, which could have spread to Afghanistan and Muslim areas inside the USSR.
  • The political situation was unstable in Afghanistan and the soviets wanted to maintain their influence.
  • Afghanistan was close to the Middle East oil reserves and the Soviets wanted to develop their interests in this area.
19
Q

What were the key features of the Afghanistan invasion?

A
  • Soviet troops killed by Mujahidin rebels
  • USA secretly sent weapons and money to the Mujahidin
  • USA created Taliban and Al Qaeda to overthrow communism
  • Unwinnable for USSR- severe drain on finances
20
Q

What were the consequences of the Afghanistan invasion?

A
  • USA won, USSR lost
  • Ended detente and started a second cold war
  • Caused Carter doctrine
21
Q

What was the Carter Doctrine?

A

A statement made by president Carter whom said that the USA would not allow the USSR to gain control of territory in the oil- rich Middle East.

22
Q

What did President Reagan think about détente?

A

He thought it was a disaster and he now rejected the idea of co-existence with the USSR.

23
Q

What did SDI stand for?

A

Strategic Defence Initiative.

24
Q

What was ‘Star Wars’?

A

It was intended to be a satellite anti-missile system that would orbit the earth to protect the USA from any soviet missiles.

25
Q

Why could the USSR not match SDI?

A
  • The Soviet economy could not produce enough wealth to finance the development of new space-based weapons.
  • The USSR was well behind the USA in the development of computers, essential for the ‘Star Wars’ programme.
26
Q

What happened at the 1980 Olympic Games?

A

President Carter led a boycott of the Moscow Olympics and encouraged 60 countries to do the same.

27
Q

What happened at the 1984 Olympic Games?

A

The Soviet Union (with 14 other countries) retaliated to the 1980 Olympic Games by refusing to take part in the Los Angeles Olympics