Detecting Deception Flashcards
What ways are used to detect deception?
Psychological
verbal
nonverbal
behavioural
Does the polygraph test work?
Nope, it does not detect lies and can be easily defeated by someone tensing parts of their body when answering each questions
They detect nervousness, so someone innocent and very nervous, or a pathological liar will generate false results when asked if they are lying.
It can act as a way to facilitate honest answers from someone close to revealing information by giving them an excuse of having their agency being removed by the device
Is the polygraph test ethical?
well…..ethics are a luxury of the leading groups in an area.
What is ‘non verbal behaviour’?
a technical term that means the movements of a person’s body or face. It does not mean any behaviour that is not verbal, e.g. physiological reactions.
Define ‘body language’
facial microexpressions
Gestures
limb movement
Body language Cause, effect and explanation. What is the mechanism?
these is none - Wiseman et al 2012 concluded there is no scientific suipport for NLP eye movements
What are the 3 theoretical predictions on how non verbal behaviour might reveal someone who is lying
• Theories based on Emotion
• Cognitive Theories
• Attempted Control Theories
Define Theories based on Emotion
Non verbal behaviour mechanism:
Emotion theories are based on the idea that liars are more nervous and concerned about the interview. Emotional response arising from guilt/fear will produce features such as increased movement (agitation).
Define Cognitive Theories
Cognitive theories are based on the fact that it is harder to make up a lie than tell the truth. Concentrating on the lie will result in decreased movement.
Define Attempted Control Theories
These theories hold that the liar will deliberately try to avoid giving themselves away resulting in less movement.
What experimental designs are there fore studying deception?
Aldert Vrij et al (2010).
What is ‘active deception detection’?
Vrji et all 2010
requires a cognitive interview where the cognitive load on the interviewee is increased with a view that liars cannot keep up consistently with the questions being asked.
eg ask for elements to recalled in reverse order
number of people
order people were sat
who was wearing what etc
Define Statement Validity Analysis
looks at the choice of words being used, statements such as ‘I am not guilty’ mean you do not have guilt about the crime and that its impossible for a guilty person to say things like ‘I didn’t do it’
Ways people try to detect lies
polygraph
fMRI
‘Reading’ body language
Analysis of non-verbal behaviour
TSA SPOT checklist
