Detecting And Responding To Change

Question 1

Define stimulus.

Answer 1

Stimulus is the change in the internal or external environment.

Question 2

Define receptor.

Answer 2

The specialised cell that detects this change. The receptor cell sends a message to the control centre.

Question 3

Define control centre.

Answer 3

The control centre processes the message from the receptor and determines the most appropriate response.

It sends this message to the effector cells.

In animal and humans, the control centre is the brain.

Question 4

Define effector.

Answer 4

The specialised cell that receives the message from the control centre and responds appropriately.

Question 5

Define response.

Answer 5

The response to correct or adapt to the change in the environment.

Question 6

What is the control centre for humans and animals?

Answer 6

The control centre is the central nervous system, including the brain and spine.

• The central nervous system coordinates all body systems.
• It sends no central nervous system. The message sent by the receptor cells are received directly by the effector cells.

Question 7

What is the control centre for animals?

Answer 7

There is no central nervous system. The message sent by the receptor cells are received directly by the effector cells.

Question 8

What is the response for humans and animals?

Answer 8

The response to change in environmental conditions may happen automatically through to body’s mechanisms or it may be a behavioural response.

Question 9

What are two examples of automatic responses?

Answer 9

1. Shivering.

2. Constricting (narrowing) of blood vessels.

Question 10

What are three examples of behavioural responses?

Answer 10

1. Folding your arms to keep you torso warm.
2. Curling up into a ball.
3. Putting on a jumper.