DESIGN PROCESSES

Question 1

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS

Answer 1

The life cycle analysis of a product’s life is perceived at all stages, where energy is produced, lost, and used.

Question 2

OBSOLESCENCE

Answer 2

Obsolescence refers to end point of a product’s life span. Can result from being non-longer fashionable, superseded by a newer or better design, design being environmentally
unfriendly, change of laws or just the product not being able to function anymore.

Question 3

Cradle to Grave

Answer 3

Considers impacts at each stage of a product’s life-cycle, from the time natural resources are extracted from the ground and processed through each subsequent stage of manufacturing, transportation, product use, and ultimately, disposal.

Question 4

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Answer 4

 Global warming, green house gases
 Ozone layer e.g. carbon emissions and cfc
 Deforestation
 Waste e.g. landfills and dumps
 Water pollution
 Resource consumption
 Noise pollution

Question 5

SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY

Answer 5

• Reusable and Renewable = Raw material and energy
• E.g. Trees: although they are renewable resources, they still must be sustained because they can be depleted at a fast rate
• Non Renewable = fossil fuels and gases
• E.g. Petroleum: It is a source of almost everything, polymers, clothing and vehicle
  fuel and these natural sources are almost at an end. It takes several tens and thousands of years for fossils and natural decomposition to break down to oil.

Question 6

RENEWABLE ENERGY:

Answer 6

HYRDO - Water, wave motion: runs turbines that run power plants to produce electricity
SOLAR - conversion of sunlight to electricity or use of heat energy to run steam engines to
produce electricity
WIND - 1 Wind turbine can run a whole town
BIOMASS - alternative to most resources, such as plastics and fuel; however, upon breakdown
and decomposition it places little or no impact on the environment
NUCLEAR - Splitting of atoms, and causing fission to create powerful and exponential energy
sources; HOWEVER, there is a large ethical issue revolved around nuclear due to its dangers and effects e.g. Chernobyl or Hiroshima

Question 7

Patents

Answer 7

protects any device, substance, method or process that is new, inventive and useful.

Question 8

Trademarks

Answer 8

a type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression that identifies products or services

Question 9

Copyright

Answer 9

Protection from being copied and/or claimed by another party for ownership

Question 10

Autocratic

Answer 10

management that makes all major decisions

Question 11

Democratic

Answer 11

takes opinions and makes informed decisions

Question 12

Collegial

Answer 12

Team effort in decision making

Question 13

strategic planning tool

Answer 13

SWOT analysis

Question 14

Appropriateness

Answer 14

suitable for the environment