Design Process Models Flashcards
Why is process an important part of design?
It allows us to coordinate many teams in the efficient creation of complex products.
What three modes of design do Pahl and Beitz recognize in their book on Engineering Design?
(1) Incremental design - minor improvements to an existing product.
(2) Adaptive design - improving entire subsystems/modules of a design.
(3) Original design - making major changes to entire sub-systems or systems.
Draw the product lifecycle as it is listed in BS 7000-2.
See page 21 of notes.
What mode of design are most products designed by?
Iterative/incremental design.
Describe/draw the Pahl and Beitz model of design.
See page 22 of notes.
What are the four main phases of the Pahl and Beitz design model?
- Task clarification.
- Conceptual design.
- Embodiment design.
- Detail design.
What does establishing function structures involve?
Breaking down an overall function into sub-functions that receive/emit energy, material, and information signals.
What is concurrent engineering?
Executing multiple design stages at the same time in a design process (i.e. non-sequentially).
Draw the double-diamond process model.
See page 23 of notes.
List two benefits of the double-diamond design process model.
- It emphasises the importance of creating a detailed and appropriate product brief based on extensive user/market research.
- It breaks the tasks into stages with outputs (feasibility review, brief, concept review, product).
Draw the V-model.
See page 24 of notes.
In the V-model, what is the key advantage of bottom-up testing?
It allows component-level faults to be identified.
In the V-model, what is the benefit of top-down design?
It allows the overall layout to be envisioned before the details. This makes it clearer what each component must do and how the components must interact.
Draw the stage-gate model.
See page 25 of the notes.
What are the advantages of the stage-gate model?
> Emphasises deliverables that are essential to progress.
A design’s performance can be defined and recorded at set milestones.
Senior managers can sign-off on progress.
List four different design process models.
- Pahl + Beitz model
- V-model
- Stage-gate model
- Double-diamond model
Why should a product always be physically tested before it is released?
Computer models of a product’s behaviour are not created with the product’s unknowns unknowns in mind; it is also necessary to understand the known unknowns.
What four stages of prototyping might take place during the development of a high-cost product?
Breadboard model (technology feasibility) Engineering model (main performance of design) Qualification model (all performance aspects of a design) Delivered model (checking the performance of the product that will be delivered)
Why are design reviews an important part of the design process?
They force designers to update their managers, and they force managers to give feedback to their designers. They allow everyone to understand the current benefits/weaknesses of a product.
What four design reviews might take place in a product’s development process?
Preliminary design review - concept + breadboard model
Engineering design review - detailed design and engineering models
Qualification design review - qualification model performance
Final design review - review of delivered model performance
What pieces of terminology are essential when specifying a design?
Problem statement, objectives, metrics, constraints, hard requirements, soft requirements, man-machine interface
Why is a solution-neutral problem statement necessary?
To avoid design fixation - choosing a solution before rationally evaluating/exploring the alternatives.
What areas do requirements typically fall under?
Technical performance Environment Ergonomics Luxury Aesthetics Safety Cost Regulations Maintenance Materials Reliability
List several design authorities (i.e. organisations that produce design regulations)
Federal Aviation Administration, Euro NCAP, Eurocodes, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency
