Design Principles Flashcards
list 5 map elements
- title (key)
-mapped area - map symbols
- legend (key)
- North Arrow (key)
- scale (key)
- Neatlines (key)
when does a map not need a scale bar?
for thematic maps, unless its relevant data
when does a map not need a North Arrow
small scale map and the projection is not conformal
Large vs small scale map
large - zoomed in
small - zoomed out
when does a map not need a neatline
it always needs a neatline
is it okay to not include your sources on your map
NOO
who is Aileen Buckley
british Cartographer that created the 5 map design principles in 1999
who is John Krieger
created the 6 commandments of map design
what are John Kregers six commandments
- map substantial info
- dont lie
- effectively label
- minimize map crap
- Map layout matters
- evaluate your map
what are the five primary design principles for cartography
- Visual contrast
- Legibility
- Figure-ground organization
- hierarchical organization
- balance
VLFHB
what is Visual contrast
high contrast in colours and shapes draw attention and stand out. use this intentionally
why is Legibility important
to be seen and understood. refers to text and symbolization. correct size and simple
what is figure ground
- the ability to separate elements based upon contrast
- seperate foreground from background
how do you promote figure ground
contrasting colours
high chroma colours should be used for map theme while, low chroma colours should fill the background
what is visual hierarchy
presentation of elements according to significance
- reinforce differences
- indicates similarity
- direct map reader through interpretation
what does balance mean in a map
refers to how the centres are aligned
- the optical centre and the geometric centre
what are the three ways scale can be expressed
ratio, verbal, bar
what is the map scale equation
scale = MD/GD
how does scale affect detail, abstraction and symbology
small scale: Low detail, High abstraction, more generalized
large scale: High detail, low abstraction, Less generalized
what is the abstraction process
process of transforming unmapped data into suitable map form
what are the four steps of the abstraction process
- selection
- classification
- symbolization
- simplification
what is selection in the abstraction process
choosing what data to include/exclude
what is classifiaction in the abstraction process
organizing data into groups/categories
what is symbolization in the abstraction process
how to represent real world objects in your map
what is simplification in the abstraction process
simplifying complex lines, boarders and boundaries.
