Design Principles

Question 1

list 5 map elements

Answer 1

• title (key)
  -mapped area
• map symbols
• legend (key)
• North Arrow (key)
• scale (key)
• Neatlines (key)

Question 2

when does a map not need a scale bar?

Answer 2

for thematic maps, unless its relevant data

Question 2

when does a map not need a North Arrow

Answer 2

small scale map and the projection is not conformal

Question 2

Large vs small scale map

Answer 2

large - zoomed in
small - zoomed out

Question 3

when does a map not need a neatline

Answer 3

it always needs a neatline

Question 4

is it okay to not include your sources on your map

Answer 4

NOO

Question 5

who is Aileen Buckley

Answer 5

british Cartographer that created the 5 map design principles in 1999

Question 6

who is John Krieger

Answer 6

created the 6 commandments of map design

Question 7

what are John Kregers six commandments

Answer 7

1. map substantial info
2. dont lie
3. effectively label
4. minimize map crap
5. Map layout matters
6. evaluate your map

Question 8

what are the five primary design principles for cartography

Answer 8

• Visual contrast
• Legibility
• Figure-ground organization
• hierarchical organization
• balance
  VLFHB

Question 9

what is Visual contrast

Answer 9

high contrast in colours and shapes draw attention and stand out. use this intentionally

Question 10

why is Legibility important

Answer 10

to be seen and understood. refers to text and symbolization. correct size and simple

Question 11

what is figure ground

Answer 11

• the ability to separate elements based upon contrast
• seperate foreground from background

Question 12

how do you promote figure ground

Answer 12

contrasting colours
high chroma colours should be used for map theme while, low chroma colours should fill the background

Question 13

what is visual hierarchy

Answer 13

presentation of elements according to significance
- reinforce differences
- indicates similarity
- direct map reader through interpretation

Question 14

what does balance mean in a map

Answer 14

refers to how the centres are aligned
- the optical centre and the geometric centre

Question 15

what are the three ways scale can be expressed

Answer 15

ratio, verbal, bar

Question 16

what is the map scale equation

Answer 16

scale = MD/GD

Question 17

how does scale affect detail, abstraction and symbology

Answer 17

small scale: Low detail, High abstraction, more generalized
large scale: High detail, low abstraction, Less generalized

Question 18

what is the abstraction process

Answer 18

process of transforming unmapped data into suitable map form

Question 19

what are the four steps of the abstraction process

Answer 19

1. selection
2. classification
3. symbolization
4. simplification

Question 20

what is selection in the abstraction process

Answer 20

choosing what data to include/exclude

Question 21

what is classifiaction in the abstraction process

Answer 21

organizing data into groups/categories

Question 22

what is symbolization in the abstraction process

Answer 22

how to represent real world objects in your map

Question 23

what is simplification in the abstraction process

Answer 23

simplifying complex lines, boarders and boundaries.