Design of Work Systems Flashcards
involves specifying the content and methods of job
Job design
Incorporation of human factors in the design of the workplace
Ergonomics
Design of work systems
Specialization
Behavioral Approaches to Job Design
Teams
Methods Analysis
Motions Study
Working conditions
True or False. Successful job design must be carried out by experienced personnel with the necessary training and background
True
Giving a worker a larger portion of the total task by horizontal loading
Job Enlargement
Workers periodically exchange jobs
Job Rotation
Increasing responsibility for planning and coordination tasks, by vertical loading
Job Enrichment
Influences quality and productivity
Contributes to work environment
Motivation
Influences productivity and employee-management relations
Trust
Benefit of Teams
Higher quality
Higher productivity
Greater worker satisfaction
Groups of empowered to make certain changes in their work process
Self-directed teams
Analyzing how a job gets done
Begins with overall analysis
Moves to specific details
Method Analysis
True or False. The need for methods analysis can come from changes in tools and equipment
True
Method Analysis procedure
1 Identify the operation to be studied
2 Get employee input
3 Study and document current method
4 Analyze the job
5 Propose new methods
6 Install new methods
7 Follow-up to ensure improvements have been achieved
Chart used to examine the overall sequence of an operation by focusing on movements of the operator or flow of materials
Flow process chart
Chart used to determine portions of a work cycle during which an operator and equipment are busy or idle
Worker-machine chart
the systematic
study of the human motions used
to perform an operation.
Motion study
guidelines for designing motion-efficient work procedures
motion study principles
basic elemental motions into which a job can be broken down
analysis of the therbligs
use of motion pictures and slow motion to study motions that otherwise would be too rapid to analyze
micromotion study
5 motion study techniques
Motion study principles
Analysis of therbligs
Micromotion study
Charts
Therbligs
Developing work methods
Eliminate unnecessary motions
Combine activities
Reduce fatigue
Improve the arrangement of the workplace
Improve the design of tools and equipment
Basic elemental motions that make up a job.
Therbligs
Determining how long it should take to do a job.
Work measurement
The amount of time it should take a qualified worker to complete a specific task, working at a sustainable rate, using given methods, tools and equipment, raw materials, and workplace arrangement.
Standard time
Development of a time standard based on observations of one worker taken over a number of cycles.
Stopwatch Time study
Basic steps in a time study
1 Define the task to be studied
2 Determine the number of cycles to observe
3 Time the job
4 Compute the standard time
Time standards derived from a firm’s historical data.
Standard elemental times
Steps for standards elemental times
1 Analyze the job
2 Check file for historical times
3 Modify file times if necessary
4 Sum elemental times to get normal time
Published data based on extensive research to determine standard elemental times.
Predetermined time standards
technique for estimating the proportion of time that a worker or machine spends on various activities and idle time.
Work sampling
True or False. Work sampling requires timing an activity
False. It does not require
Compensation based on time an employee has worked during a pay period
Time-based system
Compensation based on the amount of output an employee produces during a pay period
Output-based (incentive) system
Form of incentive plan
Accurate
Easy to apply
Consistent
Easy to understand
Fair
Compensation
Individual Incentive Plans
Group Incentive Plans
Knowledge-Based Pay System
Management Compensation
the time required to perform a task decreases with increasing repetitions
Learning curves
Applications of learning curves
1 Manpower planning and scheduling
2 Negotiated purchasing
3 Pricing new products
4 Budgeting, purchasing, and inventory planning
5 Capacity Planning
True or False. Learning curves are the same in every organization
False. differ from org to org
