Design History Flashcards
What design movement occurred from 1750 - 1850?
Industrial Revolution
Name a famous designer and product from this period
Boulton and Watt steam engine 1763
Corliss steam engine 1876
Mechanised production
- Isambard Kingdom Brunel • Great Western Railway • Steamships • The first propeller-driven transatlantic steamship • Bridges and tunnels. Clifton Suspension Bridge 1831, Paddington Station 1854, SS Great Britain 1845
What principles was the industrial revolution based upon?
- Textiles
- Steam power
- Iron making
- Machine tools
- Gas lighting standardised manufacturing
From 1850 - 1914, what design movement occurred?
Arts & Crafts Movement
Name a famous designer and product from this period
Crystal Palace (built for the 1851 Great Exhibition) Joseph Paxton
William Morris – “we do not reject the machine, we welcome it, but we would like to see it mastered”
Wiener Werkstatte (Vienna workshop 1903 -1932) (Joseph Hoffman) chair, cutlery and kettle
Charles Rennie Macintosh (Scottish style)
Christopher Dresser – kettles
Name the principles of this period
Rebellion against industrial revolution
• Return to craftsmanship
• Valued art in the practice of design
• Preference for simpler, organic forms from nature
What period did the Art Nouveau movement become prominent?
1880 - 1940
What is the principle of Art Nouveau?
A response to the industrial revolution:
welcomes technical progress
embraces aesthetics of new materials
applying high standards of craftsmanship and design
Famous designers/products?
Monceau metro entrance by Hector Guimard
Victor Horta
Alexandre Charpentier 1901
Charles Rennie Macintosh – Scottish art nouveau – liberty chair – willow chair – Glasgow school of art – house for an art lover
Catalan art nouveau - Antoni Gaudí, Casa Batlló, 1877,
Palau Guell gate, 1886, Sagrada Família, 1882 – 2010 (gothic church)
Gustav Klimt (1862-1918) Vienna Secession, Karlsplatz station
What movement occurred from 1897 - 1905?
Vienna Secession Modernism
What are the principles of this movement?
Utopian desire to create a better world
• Eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts.
• Harmony of form and function
• Dismissal of frivolous ornament minimalism is a design or style where the simplest and fewest elements are used to create the maximum effect
Deutscher Werkbund occurred in what period?
1907 - 1935
From 1909-1930, what design movement became prominent?
Futurism
And what were there principles?
Artistic and social movement originating from Italy. Emphasized futuristic concepts, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car and plane.
Name a designer and product from this period
Umberto Boccioni: Forces of the Street 1911
Giacomo Balla 1909
Tullio Crali, 1939
Tullio Crali, 1930
Ivo Pannaggi, Speeding Train (Treno in corsa), 1922
BlastMagazine1915
Antonio Sant’Elia 1912-‐14
1916 - 1923 period?
Dada
1917 - 1935 period?
Constructivism
1917 - 1931 period?
De Stijl
Define the De Stijl movement
Neoplasticism:
- pure abstraction and universality
- reduction to the essentials of form and colour
- simplified visual compositions to vertical and horizontal directions
- used only PRIMARY colours and BLACK & WHITE
Name a product and designer of De Stijl
Piet Gerit Rietveld – Red and Blue Chair, 1917 – Rietveld Schröder House, 1924
Bauhaus occurred in what period?
1919 - 1933
What were the iterations of Bauhaus?
- Weimar from 1919 to 1925,
- Dessau from 1925 to 1932 and
- Berlin from 1932 to 1933
Who were the directors?
Walter Gropius 1919 -‐ 1928,
Hannes Meyer 1928 -‐ 1930
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 1930 -‐ 1933,
Name a member and product from this movement
Walter Gropius Miesvander Rohe Josef Albers Marianne Brandt Marcel Breuer Wassily Kandinsky Paul Klee Piet Mondrian Wilhem Wagenfeld
Barcelona Pavillion by Mies van der Rohe 1929
Barcelona chair by Mies van der Rohe 1929
Marcel Breuer - Vassily chair 1925
What movement occurred from 1920-1980?
International Style
What were there ideals?
de Stijl movement
Deutscher Werkbund > Bauhaus ideals…
What were the principles?
- Ornament is a crime,
- Truth to materials,
- Form follows function, “houses are machines for living“(Le Corbusier)
Name a member and product from this movement
Le Corbusier (Charles-‐Edouard Jeanneret) – Church of Saint -‐ Pierre, Firminy, France - Unité d’Habitation, Berlin, 1957 - Chapel of Note-Dame-Du‐Haut, Ronchamp, 1950-‐54
Chaise longue, 1928
Charlotte Perriand,
Le Corbusier,
Pierre Jeanneret LC1 chair 1929
Eileen Gray Bibendum Chair, 1921
Philip Johnson Glass House, 1949 - Crystal Cathedral 1981
Art Deco post modernism occurred when?
1920 - 1939
Describe this movement
Influential visual arts design style eclectic style combining traditional craft motifs with Machine Age imagery. Characterized by rich colours, bold geometric shapes, and lavish ornamentation
Name a product and famous designer from this era
Des Arts Décora’fset Industriels Modernes Paris1925
René La lique Spirit of the Wind
Hoover Building, London 1933
William Van Alen, Chrysler Building, 1928
Empire State Building
Joseph Strauss -‐ Golden Gate Bridge, 1933
Eric Slater, Vogue Red Blocks cup and saucer, 1930
F Gregory Brown, furnishing fabric, 1922
From 1930 - 1955, what movement occurred?
Streamline Moderne
What are the principles of streamline moderne?
Its architectural style emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements.
What famous designers/products originate from this era?
Raymond Loewy “the father of industrial design” = “the man who shaped America”
Robert Heller, Airflow Fan, 1937
Harold L. Van Doren, Skippy-‐Racer, 1933
Kem Weber, Lounge Chair, 1934
Alfons Mauser, 1939
Hawley Bowlus, Airstream Clipper, 1936
Bowlus Road Chief, 1935
Harley Earl “If you go by a school and the kids don’t whistle, back to the drawing board”.
Harley Earl, Buick Le Sabre, 1954
1956 Oldsmobile Golden Rocket
Buckminster Fuller geodesic dome – Montreal world expo
Norman Bel Geddes
What design movement exists from 1945 until this very day?
Contemporary
When did Brutalism first appear?
1950 - 1975
What are the principles?
Typically massive in character with a predominance of exposed concrete architecture that communicated strength, functionality, and expresses materiality and reacts to the lightness, optimism, and frivolity of 1930s and 1940s architecture “brutalism” is not derived from the word “brutal”, but originates from the French béton brut, or “raw concrete”.
Designers/products?
Richard Sheppard Brunel Lecture Centre 1965
Ernő Goldfinger, Trellick Tower, 1966 - 1972
William Pereira UCSD’s Geisel Library 1970
The Pop era occurred when?
1958 - 1972
What does the Pop movement involve?
Pop art presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular culture such as advertising, news, etc. Pop art refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led to it.
Pop art employs aspects of mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects. It is widely interpreted as a reaction to the then dominant ideas of abstract expressionism.
Name a designer and product from this era
Andy Warhol, Campbell’s Soup I (1968) “Everyone will be famous for 15 minutes”.
Roy Lichtenstein “wham” jet plane painting and woman on phone
George Nelson – lips sofa
Eero Aarnio – ball chair 1963
Verner Panton – living tower
Gruppo strum pantone, 1966
Post moderne design existed when?
1965 - present
What does it employ?
Use of sculptural forms, ornaments, anthropomorphism and materials which perform trompe l’oeil.
Product and designer names
Robert Venturi, Vanna Venturi house 1964
Robert Venturi, Vanna Venturi house 1964
Edmond and Corrigan, RMIT, Melbourne 1993
Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpar
Jeff Koons
Michael Graves – Alessi bird kettle, steigenberger hotel ALESSI
1981-1988:
Memphis
Explain the Memphis group
The Memphis Group was an Italian design and architecture group founded in Milan by Ettore Sottsass in 1981
- aim: total rule breaking. The name was taken from the Bob Dylan song Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again
Name a member and product from Memphis
Members: • Alessandro Mendini • Andrea Branzi • Michele de Lucchi • Michael Graves • Shiro Kuramata Ettore Sottsass – CARLTON SIDEBOARD Michele de Lucchi – Memphis lamp Martine Bedin – super lamp 1981
And finally, what design movement exists from 1980 - present?
Deconstructivism
Describe this movement
Deconstructivism is a development of postmodern architecture. It is characterized by fragmentation, an interest in manipulating a structure’s surface or skin, non-‐rectilinear shapes which appear to distort and dislocate elements of architecture.
Unpredictability and controlled chaos
List a product and designer
Frank Gehry – Disney concert hall, 2003
Daniel Libeskind – Imperial war museum north
Lab architects – federation square, Melbourne 2002
