Design for Human Factors and Sustainability (Week 10) Flashcards
What is human factors?
Human factors is used to describe abilities, limitations and other physiological or behavioural characteristics of humans that affect the design of tools, machines, consumer products, systems, tasks, job and environments.
What are examples of human factors?
Visual, Aural, Touch/Kinesthetic/Tactile/Vestibular, Cognitive, Anthropometric data
What is Anthropometric Data?
Anthropometric data is used to describe the range of capabilities for human populations. This data is typically collected by governments, military, and large corporations. It is expressed in percentiles.
What is a percentile?
A percentile is one of a set of points on a scale arrived by dividing a group into parts in order of magnitude. For example a score equal to or greater than 97 percent of those attained on examination is said to be in the 97th percentile.
How do you consider human factors?
Considering human factors during the design process means being aware of the user of the product as the occupant of a workspace, a source of power, a sensor, and a controller. Statistical data should be used in designing size and power relationships between a human user and the product being designed.
What is product safety?
Product safety implies concern for injury to humans and for damage to the device itself, other equipment, or the environment.
How is safety implemented?
It can be
-designed into a product
-added on
-the hazard warned against
The first being the best, and the last often unacceptable.
What are types of human factors data?
- Expert Judgements
- Experience and Common Sense
- Design Standards
- Established design principles
- Graphic Representations
- Quantitative Data Tables
- Mathematical Functions and Expressions
What is human factors engineering?
Human factors engineering deals with applying the knowledge gained from physiology and psychology (concerning the characteristics and capabilities of the human body and mind) to product design and use
What are some examples of human factors for engineering?
Some factors are:
height, weight, vision, hearing, posture, strength, age, intelligence, educational level, dexterity, and reaction time.
What are types of human error?
- Operation Error
- Maintenance Error
- Design Error
- Inspection Error
- Fabrication Error
- Installation Error
- Handling Error
- Contributory Error
What is operation error?
Operation error is error attributing to operating personnel. The causes include improper procedures, poor surrounding environment, task complexity, overload conditions, operator carelessness, inadequate personnel training or selection, and incorrect operating procedures.
What is maintenance error?
Maintenance errors occur in the field and are attributable to maintenance personnel. Some examples include the use of wrong grease to lubricate the equipment, and the incorrect calibration of the equipment.
What is design error?
Design error reflects inadequate design. Some causes include inadequate analysis of the system requirements, designer bias toward a specific design, insufficient time spent on the design.
What is Inspection Error?
The purpose of inspection is to uncover all items with defects, however inspection effectiveness often averages around 85%
What is fabrication error?
fabrication error results from poor workmanship during product assembly. The causes include poor blueprints, inadequate illumination, poor workstation layout, excessive noise.
What is installation error?
Installation error is attributed to incorrect or incomplete installation of the product. The primary cause is failure to follow the instructions on blueprints.
What is Handling Error?
Handling error is due to inappropriate or improper storage or transport of a product and can result in damage to the products. An example includes improper packaging for shipping.
What is Contributory Error?
This classification covers those errors that are difficult to identify as either human or hardware related
What are the three labels and warnings?
- Caution
- Danger
- Warning
When is the caution label used?
The caution label is used under conditions where hazards or unsafe practices may lead to minor personal injury, and/or minor damage to the product or to property.
What is the danger label?
the danger label is used where immediate hazards (if they occur) would lead to severe personal injury or death.
What is the warning label?
the warning label is used where hazards or unsafe acts (if they occur) could lead to severe personal injury or death.
What does sustainability mean?
Sustainability means the ability to sustain something for an indefinite period of time without depleting the resources used to sustain it, and such that it does not damage the surroundings (environment) in which it resides
