Design and execution of research Flashcards
FINER method criteria for determining value of study
feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, relevant
independent variables
are manipulated
dependent variables
are observed for changes
positive control
ensure that a change in the dependent variable occurs when expected
negative control
ensure that a no change in the dependent variable occurs when none is expected.
ex: placebo groups
accuracy
quality of approximating the true value
precision
quality of being consistent in approximations
Hill’s criteria
determines causality in observational studies: temporality, strength, dose-response relationships, consistency, plausibility, consideration of alternative explanations, experiments, specificity, and coherence
bias error
systematic problem during data collection
confounding error
error in data analysis due to a connection of the dependent and independent variables to a third variable.
random error
can be overcome by increasing the sample size
selection bias
sample differs from the population
detection bias
educated professionals using knowledge inconsistently by searching for an outcome disproportionately in a certain population
Hawthorne effect
change in behavior of the subject, experimenter, or both as a result of knowing that the subject is being observed.
beneficence
do the most good with the least amount of harm
