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Social Subjects > Deserts S1 > Flashcards

Deserts S1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name one animal that has adapted to live in the desert and 3 of its adaptations.

A

A Meerkat is an animal that has adapted to living in the desert by using the dark patches around their eyes to see better in the sunlight and they also have membrane around them for when their digging. They survive with lack of water by getting all the moisture they need from their prey.

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2
Q

What are the Empty Lands?

A

The Empty lands are places in the world where not many people live.

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3
Q

Where are the Empty Lands?

A

The Empty lands are places like the Hot Desert, The Tundra, the mountains and the tropical rainforests.

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4
Q

What are places like the tundra etc, usually called?

A

Climate Zones

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5
Q

What is weather?

A

The day to day changes in our atmosphere

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6
Q

What is climate?

A

The average weather conditions over 30 years or more

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7
Q

Why are the Empty lands Empty?

A

The Empty lands are all empty for different reasons. but mostly because they are quite uninhabitable.

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8
Q

Why wouldn’t people want to live in the hot desert?

A

The lack of water

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9
Q

Why wouldn’t people want to live in the high mountains?

A

They would be hard to build on

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10
Q

Why wouldn’t people want to live in the cold tundra?

A

The cold temperatures.

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11
Q

Why wouldn’t people want to live in the tropical rainforests.

A

Too rainy and humid and also deadly wildlife.

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12
Q

Where are hot deserts usually found?

A

Hots deserts are found in the centre or on the west coasts of continents.

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13
Q

Where do deserts lie?

A

They lie between 30 degrees North and South of the Equator, around the tropics.

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14
Q

What is the biggest problems facing people plants and animals in the desert?

A

The biggest problem facing people, plants and animals in all deserts is lack of water.

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15
Q

What are 12 of the major deserts in the world?

A

12 of the worlds most prominent deserts are the North American, Patagonian, Atacama, Namib, Sahara, Iranian, Kalahari, Arabian, Turkestan, Takia Makan (Gobi), Thar and Australian.

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16
Q

What does Erosion mean?

A

Erosion is the wearing away or breaking up of land by wind, water or ice.

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17
Q

What is the most common shape of a sand dune?

A

A Crescent

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18
Q

What is a ‘Dune Field’?

A

A Dune Field is an area covered by extensive sand dunes.

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19
Q

How are sand dunes formed? (If you can draw a diagram)

A

The wind blowing in one direction causes the sand grains to drift along and then they all start piling up to create a sand dune.

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20
Q

What is the valley or trough between dunes called?

A

Slack

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21
Q

What is the curved side of the dune called?

A

The slipface

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22
Q

How long does it take for a mushroom rock to form?

A

Over thousands of years

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23
Q

What causes erosion?

A

The wind carrying small particles of sand

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24
Q

How does a mushroom rock form? (If you can draw a diagram)

A

A boulder starts to erode by the wind carrying particles from both direction and because the bottom rock is softer that starts to erode over thousands of years causing it to take the shape of something resembling a mushroom. (Soon the soft rock will completely erode leaving the hard rock to fall off)

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25
Q

What does a climate graph show?

A

A climate graph shows you the rainfall and the temperature.

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26
Q

What are a few things you must have while constructing a climate graph?

A

A title and units.

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27
Q

What is a Wadi?

A

A Wadi is a dry riverbed that contains water only at certain times of the year usually because of a heavy rainstorm or flash flood

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28
Q

Draw a diagram explaining how a Wadi forms or just explain it.

A

A wadi is usually just a dry riverbed and only contains water at certain times of the year. During extreme weather like storms or flash floods it starts to fill up with water.

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29
Q

What is a desert Oasis?

A

An Oasis is a place in the desert where the elevation is low enough that the water table is right underneath the surface. This allows desert springs to break through to the surface.

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30
Q

Explain or draw a diagram showing how an Oasis is formed.

A

An Oasis is formed by rain on mountains above an aquifer and the water goes through the mountain into it and where the land dips to low enough to cross the aquifer it causes the water to seep through creating an Oasis.

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31
Q

What does adaptation mean?

A

The process of change by which a plant or animal becomes better suited to its environment.

32
Q

Explain or draw a diagram showing the adaptations of a Saguaro Cactus.

A

A Saguaro cactus can grow up to a height of 1.5 metres, Cna store up to 8,000 litres of water, Thick, waxy skin reflects sun’s heat, Spikes (not leaves) reduce the loss of moisture and protect from animals, Long, shallow roots soak up water quickly after the rains, can take up to 130 years to mature and can live for 200 years.

33
Q

How do plants survive in the hot deserts?

A

Desert plants and animals need to find and store water to survive, they have adapted to living in drought conditions and only rainforests have a greater variety of plant and animal species than deserts.

34
Q

How might plants adapt to survive in the Desert?

A

Desert plants might adapt by leaving dormant seeds that only bloom after there has been rain, thick skins for storing water, thorns instead of leaves to reduce water loss and protect from animals and long, spread out roots to reach underground water.

35
Q

Explain or draw a diagram showing the adaptations of a Prickly pear cactus.

A

A Prickly Pear cactus can grow to a height of 10 metres, Thick waxy, skin reflects the sun’s heat, spikes (not leaves) reduces loss of moisture and protects from animals, fleshy stem to store water and green, orange or red edible fruit.

36
Q

How have desert animals adapted to living in the desert?

A

Some never drink but get moisture from seeds and plants, some are nocturnal, sleeping during the hot day and eating and hunting at night and the spadefoot toad spends nine months a year underground.

37
Q

Name at least 2 adaptations of a camel.

A

Long eye lashes, hairy ears and closing nostrils help to keep out sand, thick eyebrows which stand out and shade eyes from the sun, wide feet so they don’t sink in the sand, they can go without water for over a week because they can drink gallons in one go, they can go months without food because they store fat in their humps, body temperature can change to avoid losing water through sweating, they are well camouflaged, thick fur helps to keep them warm at night and they have tough leathery mouths so they can eat thorny plants. they also have long lashes.

38
Q

What is a desert nomad?

A

A nomad is a traditional person who is a hunter and gatherer and moves around the desert following water.

39
Q

How do Nomads collect water?

A

They collect water from Oasis, squeezing frogs or digging water.

40
Q

When did aboriginal australians first arrive in australia?

A

Aborigines are believed to have first arrived in australia about 50’000 years ago

41
Q

What was the aborigines way of living?

A

Aborigines developed a way of living that was in harmony with the environment and that satisfy their needs by using and respecting the land and animals

42
Q

How many aborigines were in Australia before the Europeans came?

A

Before European settlers arrived in Australia in the 18th century, there were about 300,000 Aborigines in about 250 tribal groups. Each had its own territory, beliefs and language.

43
Q

What are the two main reasons Aborigines hunted?

A

Firstly, meat, such as wallaby and wombat, would be used as food. Secondly, their skins would be used for cloaks, rugs, tents and water holders.

44
Q

What did the aborigines use to hunt animals?

A

Spears, clubs and boomerangs.

45
Q

What were some of the types of food that the aborigines gathered in their territory?

A

Small, marsupials, fruit, nuts, yams, honey, lizards and insects mostly eaten raw and they also had treats like witchetty grubs and honey ants.

46
Q

Name at least one custom and belief of the aboriginal Australians.

A

They have dreamtime which refers to the pasty where they believe their ancestors travelled through the land giving it its physical form. They also had to choose a totem which is an aspect of nature they identify with and choose to not kill and even perform ceremonies for it in hopes to protect it.

47
Q

What is the connection between Australian Aborigine life and Scottish Highland Games?

A

Nowadays, most Aborigines live in towns and cities and have left behind their traditional ways of life- except for special occasions and for tourists.

48
Q

What is a resource?

A

A resource is a physical material which is removed from the ground or sea, it has value and it is often used in industry.

49
Q

what is a desert resource?

A

A Desert resource is something found under the desert sand that can be turned into something else more valuable.

50
Q

What is a desert development?

A

A desert development is a way of using the desert’s resources.

51
Q

Name at least 2 desert resources

A

OIl, Copper, Precious stones, Iron ore and Gold

52
Q

Name at least 2 developments

A

Tourism, New settlement, Large dams and Solar Power farms

53
Q

Name at least 2 ways cities like Dubai and Las Vegas can get water

A

An Aquifer, The Central Arizona project, Groundwater and Water table

54
Q

How can we store water?

A

Dams

55
Q

What is a Dam?

A

A barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir used as a water supply, or to generate electricity

56
Q

How many dams are on the main stem of the colorado river?

A

Fifteen

57
Q

Name at least 2 facts about the Hoover dam

A

Hoover Dam was built on the Colorado River in the 1930s, More than 100 workers died during construction, It was built to control floods, provide water for irrigation and produce hydroelectric power, It created Lake Mead the largest man made lake in the USA, There was a massive decline of native fish in the river downstream from the dam, Nearly 1 million tourists visit it each year and it is one of more than 20 large dams on the Colorado River.

58
Q

Naame at least 2 advantages of building dams

A

Reservoir stocked with fish for food, It provides water all year round, New wildlife attracted by the water, Roads can be built across dam, It creates jobs for building, Hydro-electricity and Tourists.

59
Q

Name at least 2 disadvantages of building dams

A

Arguments over water, Land flooded, seepage and evaporation means water loss, Wildlife habitat loss, People attracted to live near dam putting demand on water.

60
Q

What is Desertification?

A

Desertification is the changing of the land into desert

61
Q

What is the Sahel?

A

The Sahel is an area to the south of the Sahara Desert that is suffering from Desertification.

62
Q

What is a Physical cause of Desertification?

A

Unreliable rainfall, wind erosion, climate change

63
Q

What is a Human cause of Desertification?

A

Over cultivation, overgrazing, population growth, deforestation

64
Q

What is overgrazing?

A

Too many animals kept on the land where they eat vegetation so no soil protection

65
Q

What is Over cultivation?

A

Too many crops grown, overused soil, vegetation can’t grow, soil exposed.

66
Q

What is Overpopulation?

A

Too many people, needs more food, causes over cultivation, overgrazing, soil exposed

67
Q

What is Deforestation?

A

Chop down too many trees, needs more food, over cultivation, overgrazing, exposed soil

68
Q

What is unreliable rainfall?

A

Droughts, vegetation can’t grow

69
Q

What is higher temperatures?

A

More evaporation

70
Q

What is Strong winds?

A

Blow top soils away

71
Q

What is leaching?

A

Heavy rains, washes away top soil, loses soil nutrients

72
Q

What are 4 solutions to desertification?

A

Irrigation, Advice to farmers, Lifting movement of livestock and Planting trees

73
Q

How is rainfall measured?

A

Bar graph

74
Q

How is temperature measured?

A

Line graph

75
Q

Why is the desert cold at night and warm in the day?

A

Because the clouds trap the heat.

76
Q

What is irrigation?

A

Irrigation is when you water the land in an attempt to make it stronger to avoid desertification.

Social Subjects (2 decks)

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