descriptive statistics Flashcards
Descriptive Statistics
Values that describes the characteristics of a sample or population
Inferential Statistics
Values that infer results of a sample to the population from which the sample is drawn
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean (average)
Median (midpoint)
Mode (most frequently occurring number)
Measures of Variability
Range
Variance
Standard Deviation
Range
The difference between the largest and smallest variables
Variance
How far the numbers are spread out
Standard Deviation
How much variation exists from the average/mean
Skewness
How symmetrical the distribution of the variable is
Kurtosis
Peakedness or flatness of a distribution
Shape
Includes modality, outliers
Nominal Data
Data that categorizes (Gender, eye color, race, graduating cohort practice specialty)
Ordinal Data
Data defined by an ordering, but the distance between the choices or values is not defined (preference scales, rankings)
Continuous data
Data with numeric values; there are two types (interval and ratio)
Interval data
Data with defined interval between the values, but with no true zero value
Ratio data
Data with an absolute zero value, where zero means there is a total absence of what is being measured
Bar Chart
Displays frequencies or proportions of categorical data (ordinal or nominal data)
Histogram
Plots the frequencies or proportions of observations in a data set- interval, continuous, or ratio data
Box and Whisker Plots
Shows the shape of a distribution and the presence of outliers
Pie Charts
A chart that divides up a sample into proportions
Scatter Plots
Shows relationship between variables; the closer the dots are in a scatter plot to forming a line, the stronger their association
Survival Curve
Used to show the length of time until a bad event (i.e death)
