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Research 2 > Descriptive Research > Flashcards

Descriptive Research Flashcards

1
Q

when is the median more helpful than the mean?

A

When outliers are present or wth a skewed distribution

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2
Q

what is a box plot good for?

A

large data

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3
Q

Which values are most helpful when comparing: ratio data?

A

median and mean

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4
Q

What is the value that occurs at the 2nd quarter mark of a percentile?

A

median

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5
Q

what are examples of descriptive statistics?

A

mean, median, mode, standard deviation, frequency, percentage and variance

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6
Q

What does historical research provide us?

A

a critical review of events, documents, literature, and other sources of data to reconstruct the past.

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7
Q

Is the range helpful if there are outliers present?

A

No

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8
Q

When is the coefficient of variation particularly helpful?

A

when comparing variation of 2 variables measured in different units.

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9
Q

What is the order of the central tendencies if the data is R skewed?

A

Mode < Median < mean

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10
Q

Why are measures of variability important?

A
  • Helps determine the degree of variation within a population or sample
  • can aid in determining how representative a particular score is of a data set.
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11
Q

What is the order of the central tendencies if the data is L skewed?

A

Mean < Median < mode

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12
Q

when is the standard deviation helpful?

A

helps to distinguish statistically significant data points from random fluctuations.

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13
Q

what is the downside of a case study?

A

Cannot generate a conclusion from it

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14
Q

what are the cons of a histogram?

A

does not show individual data points

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15
Q

What is the coefficient of variation?

A

it is a unitless measure that depicts the size of the SD relative to the mean

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16
Q

A stem and leaf plot is an example of:

A

a frequency distribution

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17
Q

Name the 2 major statistical outputs of categorical data.

A

Frequency and percentage

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18
Q

A right-skewed histogram is:

A

positively skewed

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19
Q

Why are frequency distributions important?

A

They allow researchers a glance at the entire data conveniently.

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20
Q

What is the mean?

A

the sum of all values divided by the total number of values

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21
Q

what are examples of levels of measurements?

A

age, test score, speed, gender, disease status

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22
Q

What is helpful when there are outliers present?

A

Percentiles

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23
Q

what is a case study report?

A

they help with describing interesting, new and unique cases

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24
Q

what are the postives of a stem and leaf plot?

A

shows individual data points

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25
Q

When is the coefficient of variation particularly helpful?

A

when comparing variation of 2 variables measured in different units.

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26
Q

What are the 5 measures of variability we are responsible for knowing?

A

percentiles
range
interquartile range
standard deviation
coefficient of variation

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27
Q

why is a box plot bad?

A

It is simplistic & don’t get to see all data

28
Q

A bimodal histogram is representative of:

A

2 populations present

29
Q

What are the uses of descriptive Research?

A

To define subject characteristics
to measure data trends
validate existing conditions

30
Q

What are the cons of a Stem and Leaf plot?

A

Plot can get overwhelming fast

31
Q

what are the disadvantages of descriptive research?

A

easy to bias
limited scope

32
Q

What is the most common value used for measuring central tendency?

A

MEAN

33
Q

Which values are most helpful when comparing: ordinal data?

A

mode and median

34
Q

What are the benefits of historical research?

A

allows us the ability to understand why past events occurred
analysis of how present conditions
can influence current practice
helps anticipate future events

35
Q

What is the median

A

the value of middle of ranked data

36
Q

What does a descriptive survey provide?

A

aims to provide an overall picture of group characteristics through the use of surveys.

37
Q

What are the 5 data points of a box plot?

A

minimum
Q1
Q2 - median
Q3
maximum

38
Q

What type of frequencies can be used on a continuous frequency distribution table?

A

raw, relative, cumulative

39
Q

what are examples of interferential statistics?

A

t - test, ANOVA, chi - square, fisher tests, effect size

40
Q

what does normative data look at?

A

aims to describe typical or standard values for characteristics of a given population

41
Q

What are the 2 major frequency distribution methods used for categorical data?

A

pie chart and bar graph

42
Q

how is normative research expressed typically?

A

as mean within range of acceptable values.

43
Q

When is the mean less helpful

A

when there are outliers present

44
Q

A histogram is an example of:

A

a frequency distribution

45
Q

descriptive statistics are:

A

statistics and data used to describe data.

46
Q

What is a variable?

A

Any characteristic that can and does assume different values for the different people, objects, or events being studied.

47
Q

What is the goal of statistics?

A
  • provide a better understanding of the data collected and objectively solve our research problem.
  • allows sets of data to be compared to gain meaningful analysis of trends and results
  • provides a common language for researchers.
48
Q

A left-skewed histogram is:

A

negatively skewed

49
Q

inferential statistics are:

A

used to make a decision in order to answer a study question.

50
Q

what are the data collection methods?

A

interviews
questionnaires
direct observation
databases

51
Q

A right-skewed histogram is:

A

positively skewed

52
Q

Which values are most helpful when comparing: interval data?

A

median and mean

53
Q

what are the pros of a histogram?

A

visually and easily show center of data
handles data of all sizes

54
Q

What is the mode?

A

value that occurs most often

55
Q

What shape is a normal distribution curve of a histogram?

A

bell-shaped curve (symmetrical around the mean)

56
Q

Which values are most helpful when comparing: nominal data?

A

mode

57
Q

what are the benefits of case studies?

A

They help understand unusual patient conditions
highlights innovative interventions
generates and tests theories
provides crucial foundation for future clinical research

58
Q

What type of frequencies can be used on a categorical frequency distribution table?

A

relative and raw (sometimes cumulative)

59
Q

What does developmental research look at?

A

involves different descriptions of developmental change and sequencing of behaviors in people over time.

60
Q

What are frequency distributions?

A

representations of the # of individuals in each category on the measurement scale.

61
Q

What are measures of central tendency?

A

Summary measure that attempts to describe a whole set of data with a single value that represents the middle or center of it’s distribution.

62
Q

What is the standard deviation?

A

average absolute distance of each point from the mean

63
Q

Which measure of central tendency is used the least?

A

mode

64
Q

what are the characteristics of descriptive research?

A

-provides foundation of future research
-prospective or retrospective data collection,
longitudinal or cross-sectional methods
-no control of variables
quantitative or qualitative

65
Q

Levels of measurements is:

A

data in it’s raw form

Research 2 (7 decks)

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