Descriptive & Inferential Statistics + Ch12

Question 1

Mode

Answer 1

The most frequent value

Question 2

Median

Answer 2

The middle value

Question 3

Mean

Answer 3

The average value

Question 4

Normal distribution

Answer 4

Most data points cluster to the center of the distribution

Question 5

Central tendency

Answer 5

Describe the typical respondent or values in a dataset

Question 6

Measures of central tendency

Answer 6

Mode (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio)
Median (ordinal, interval, ratio)
Mean (interval, ratio)

Question 7

Measures of dispersion

Answer 7

Range (interval, ratio)
Standard deviation (interval, ratio)

Question 8

Dispersion

Answer 8

How spread out the data is

Question 9

Range

Answer 9

The spread of data, identifies the highest and lowest values (range is the difference between)

Question 10

Standard deviation

Answer 10

Dispersion around the mean

Question 11

Statistics

Answer 11

Are sample values

Question 12

Parameters

Answer 12

Are estimated population values

Question 13

Statistical inference

Answer 13

Is the estimation of population values by analyzing the sample

Question 14

Two types of statistics inference

Answer 14

Parameter estimation technique (eg: confidence intervals)
Hypothesis testing

Question 15

Parameter estimation

Answer 15

Coming up with an interval where the true population parameter lies

Question 16

Confidence level

Answer 16

How sure you are of the results you are reporting

eg: confidence level of 95% = 95/100 of your sample will be between the intervals determined by your margin of error

Question 17

3 components of data preparation (ECC)

Answer 17

Data entry
Data coding
Data cleaning

Question 18

Data entry

Answer 18

Convert data to electronic form (if needed)

Question 19

Data coding

Answer 19

Group and assign numeric codes to qualitative responses

Question 20

Data cleaning

Answer 20

Check for errors & inconsistencies

Question 21

Point estimate

Answer 21

The result % without the error margin

Question 22

Margin of error

Answer 22

+ or - % from the point estimate

Question 23

Confidence interval

Answer 23

The point estimate with the margin of error gives you the range of the confidence interval

eg: 10% PE with a MoE of +/-1% = CI of 9-11%

Question 24

Null hypothesis (H0)

Answer 24

Indicates no correlation between variables

Question 25

Alternative hypothesis (Ha/H1)

Answer 25

There is a relationship between variables

Question 26

Statistical significance

Answer 26

P-value < 0.05 = Significant

<0.05 = reject null

Question 27

Descriptive analysis

Answer 27

Used to describe the variables in a dataset

Question 28

Inference analysis

Answer 28

Used to generate conclusions about a population’s characteristics based on sample data

Question 29

Difference analysis

Answer 29

Used to compare the mean of the responses of one group to that of another group

Question 30

Association analysis

Answer 30

Determines the strength and direction of relationships between two or more variables

Question 31

Relationships analysis

Answer 31

Allows insights into multiple relationships among variables