Description of drugs W5 Flashcards
botulinum toxin
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
botulinum toxin
Category: Acts of cholinergic nerve terminal.
Mechanism of Action: Enzymes that cleave cholinergic nerve terminal proteins and block ACh release from cholinergic terminals
Clinical Applications: Muscle spasm, smooth wrinkles, and reduce excessive sweating
edrophonium
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
edrophonium
Category: Acts of AChE
Mechanism of Action: Readily reversible inhibitor of AChE
Clinical Applications: Reversal of neuromuscular block by nondepolarizing drugs; diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
pyridostigmine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
Category: Acts on AChE
Mechanism of Action: Quaternary ammonium carbamate ester AChE inhibitor
Clinical Applications: Treatment of myasthenia gravis
acetylcholine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
acetylcholine
Category: Acts of nAChR
Mechanism of Action: Cholinergic agonist (muscarinic & nicotinic)
Clinical Applications: Cataract (and certain other eye) surgery
succinylcholine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
succinylcholine
Category: Acts of nAChR
Mechanism of Action: Partial nicotinic agonist; depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
Clinical Applications: N-M relaxation
tubocurarine chloride (d-tubocurarine)
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
tubocurarine chloride (d-tubocurarine)
Category: Acts of nAChR
Mechanism of Action: Competitive antagonist at skeletal muscle nictotinic receptors/
Clinical Applications: N-M relaxation
dantrolene
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
Category: Counteracts succinylcholine-induced malignant hyperthermia
Mechanism of Action: Ryanodine receptor antagonist; blocks Ca2+ release
Clinical Applications: Malignant hyperthermia
acetylcholine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
Category: Muscarinic receptor agonist
Mechanism of Action: Cholinergic agonist (both muscarinic and nicotinic)
Clinical Applications: Cataract (and certain other eye) surgery
cevimeline
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
cevimeline
Category: Muscarinic receptor agonist
Mechanism of Action: M3-selective muscarinic agonist
Clinical Applications: Sjögren’s syndrome
methacholine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
methacholine
Category: Muscarinic receptor agonist
Mechanism of Action: Non-selective muscarinic agonist
Clinical Applications: Diagnosis of airway hyperreactivity
atropine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
atropine
Category: Muscarinic receptor antagonist
Mechanism of Action: Non-selective muscarinic antagonist
Clinical Applications: Mydriatic, cycloplegic; reversal of vagal bradycardia; antitode for cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity
darifenacin
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
darifenacin
Category: Muscarinic receptor antagonist
Mechanism of Action: M3-selective muscarinic antagonist
Clinical Applications: incontinence; overactive bladder
ephedrine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
ephedrine
Category: Acts on adrenergic nerve terminal
Mechanism of Action: Mixed-acting sympathomimetic (causes NE release from terminals, and is an adrenergic receptor agonist)
Clinical Applications: Hypotension; bronchospasm; nasal decongenstant
methyldopa (alpha-methyldopa)
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
methyldopa (alpha-methyldopa)
Category: Acts on adrenergic nerve terminal
Mechanism of Action: Converted to methylnorepinephrine in CNS, which acts like alpha2-agonist
Clinical Applications: Hypertension
albuterol
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
albuterol
Category: Adrenergic agonists
Mechanism of Action: Beta2 -selective agonist
Clinical Applications: Prompt teatment for acute bronchospasm
clonidine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
clonidine
Category: Adrenergic agonists
Mechanism of Action: Agonist at alpha2 -selective receptors in CNS- this results in decreased sympathetic outflow
Clinical Applications: Hypertension
dobutamine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
dobutamine
Category: Adrenergic agonists
Mechanism of Action: Beta1 -selective agonist
Clinical Applications: Increase cardiac output in acute heart failure
dopamine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
dopamine
Category: Adrenergic agonist
Mechanism of Action: Dopamine agonist (also alpha and beta agonist)
Clinical Applications: Shock, especially with renal shutdown; sometimes used in heart failure
epinephrine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
epinephrine
Category: Adrenergic agonist
Mechanism of Action:Adrenergic agonist
Clinical Applications: anaphylaxis; emergency treatment of cardiac arrest
isoproterenol
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
isoproterenol
Category: Adrenergic agonist
Mechanism of Action: Non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist
Clinical Applications: Acute asthma; emergency treatment of cardiac arrest
midodrine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
midodrine
Category: Adrenergic agonists
Mechanism of Action: Alpha1-selective agonist
Clinical Applications: Chronic orthostatic hypotension
phenylephrine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
phenylephrine
Category: Adrenergic agonists
Mechanism of Action: Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Clinical Applications: Decongestant, mydriatic, neurogenic hypotension, test of baroreflex
carvedilol
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
carvedilol
Category: Adrenergic antagonists
Mechanism of Action: Antagonist at alpha1 and beta receptors
Clinical Applications: Hypertension; heart failure
metoprolol
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
metoprolol
Category: Adrenergic antagonists
Mechanism of Action: Beta1-selective antagonist
Clinical Applications: Hypertension; heart failure
phentolamine
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
phentolamine
Category: Adrenergic antagonists
Mechanism of Action: Alpha-adrenergic antagonist
Clinical Applications: Pheochromocytoma, antidote to overdose of adrenergic agonists
prazosin
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
Category: Adrenergic antagonists
Mechanism of Action: Alpha1 -selective antagonist
Clinical Applications: Hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia
propranolol
Provide each of the following: 1) Category 2) Mechanism of Action 3) Clinical Applications
Category: Adrenergic antagonists
Mechanism of Action: Non-selective beta adrenergic receptor antagonist/
Clinical Applications: Angina, arrhythmias (treatment and propylaxis), hypertension, tremor, stage fright, migraine
