Describing Speech Sounds Flashcards
Manners of articulation for consonants
- Plosives (oral stops)
- Frictatives (Partial obstruction)
- Affricates (Complete followed by partial obstruction)
- Nasal (complete obstruction + open nasal cavity)
- Approximates (slight obstruction, no turbulence)
Plosives
- Vocal tract is entirely closed
- AP is built up, then released (creating sound)
- /p/, /b/. /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/
Frictative
- VT is partially obstructed
- air pressure is built up + moves through structure
- /s/, /z/, /v/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/, /h/
Affricate
- obstruct, build up AP, and release
- air flows through a stricture
- starts like a plosive ends like a frictative
- /ʧ/, /d͡ʒ/, /t͡ʃ/, /dʒ/
Nasal
- air moves through nasal cavity instead of blocked oral cavity
- lowered velum
- /m/, /n/, /ŋ/
Approximate
- minimal obstruction
- /w/, /l/, /j/, /ɹ/ (all different names)
Places of articulation for consonants
- Bilabial (both lips)
- Labiodental (Top teeth and lower lip)
- Dental (tongue apex and teeth)
- alveolar (tongue apex and alveolar ridge)
- palato-alveolar (tongue lamina and back of alveolar ridge)
- (Dorso) velar (tongue dorsum and velum)
- Glottal (glottis)
Describe: /p/
Biliabial plosive (voiceless)
Describe: /b/
Bilabial plosive (voiced)
Describe: /t/
Alveolar plosive (voiceless)
Describe: /k/
dorso-velar plsoive (voiceless)
Describe: /d/
Alveolar plosive (voiced)
Describe: /g/
voiced velar plosive
describe: /w/
labio-velar glide
describe: /l/
lateral alveolar glide
describe /j/
palatal glide
describe /ɹ/
retroflex approximant/ liquid
describe /r/
voiced alveolar tap/ flap
Describing consonant sounds
- voicing (i.e. voiced or voiceless)
- place of articulation (i.e. labiodental)
2.5. nasality (if applicable) - kind of article used (i.e. fricative)
Describing vowels
- approximate tongue position (horizontal, vertical)
- tension (impressionistic)
- lip rounding
Tongue position- vowel descriptions
- refers to “hump” of tongue
- vertical/ height: high /i/, mid /ɛ/ , low /ɒ/
- horizontal/ advancement: front, central, back
Tension- vowel description
tense or lax
impressionistic
- whether vowel entails muscular tension
Lip configurationq
rounded, unrounded
monophthongs
single tongue position, doesn’t move much
- height + advancement + tension + roundedness + “vowel”
diphthongs
Moves from one position to another
- when describing: describe both starting and ending positions, including height, advancement, tension, and roundess
