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Ultrasound Physics > Describing Sound Waves - Period & Frequency > Flashcards

Describing Sound Waves - Period & Frequency Flashcards

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1
Q

Describes the features of a sound wave

A

Parameters

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2
Q

The ______ of a sound wave is the ultrasound system and transducer.

A

Source

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3
Q

The quantity, or level, of some of the parameters are established by the…

A

Ultrasound system

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4
Q

Other parameters are determined by the tissue through which the sound is traveling. This tissue is called the…

A

Medium

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5
Q

The time it takes a wave to vibrate a single cycle, or the time from the start of one cycle to the start of the next cycle.

A

Period

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6
Q

Period is reported in ____of time, such as microseconds, seconds, hours, or days.

A

Units

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7
Q

The typical value of a period in diagnostic ultrasound is…

A

0.06 to 0.5 μs

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8
Q

Period is determined by the _______ only, not by the medium.

A

Sound source

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9
Q

True or False? The period can be changed while using a basic ultrasound system with a particular transducer.

A

False

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10
Q

The number of particular events that occur in a specific duration of time…

A

Frequency

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11
Q

In diagnostic ultrasound, the frequency of a wave is described as the number of ______ that occurs in one second.

A

Cycles

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12
Q

Frequency is reported in units of …

A

Per second, 1/second, hertz (Hz) (another way to say “per second”

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13
Q

In clinical imaging, frequency ranges from approximately…

A

2 MHz to 15 MHz (or 2 million to 15 million per second)

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14
Q

Frequency of a sound wave is determined by the _______ only.

A

Sound source

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15
Q

True or False? The sonographer cannot change the frequency while using a basic ultrasound system and transducer.

A

True

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16
Q

Infrasound (infrasonic) frequency

A

Less than 20 Hz

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17
Q

Audible sound frequency range

A

Between 20 Hz and 20 kHz

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18
Q

Ultrasound (ultrasonic) frequency range

A

Greater than 20 kHz

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19
Q

Frequency in ultrasound is important because it affects _______ and image ______.

A

Penetration, quality

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20
Q

Period and frequency are _______ related to each other.

A

Inversely

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21
Q

As frequency increase, period ______.
As frequency decreases, period ______.
If one of these parameters remains constant, then the other remains _______.

A

Decreases, increases, unchanged

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22
Q

Period and frequency have an even more special relationship called…:

A

Reciprocal

23
Q

When two reciprocal parameters are multiples together, the result is…

A

1

24
Q

What is the period of the earth’s rotation around the sun?

A

1 year

25
Q

A top is spinning on a table. What is the period of the spinning top?
A. 4 pounds
B. 8 dollars
C. 0.05 seconds
D. 3 cm

A

C. 0.05 seconds

26
Q

Which of the following waves is infrasonic?
A. 4 MHz
B. 400 kHz
C. 28 Hz
D. 2 Hz

A

D. 2 Hz

27
Q

Indentify the wave that is ultrasonic.
A. 400 mHz
B. 4 MHz
C. 28 Hz
D. 2 Hz

A

B. 4 MHz

28
Q

Which of these waves is ultrasonic and most useful in diagnostic sonography?
A. 400 MHz
B. 4 MHz
C. 2 kHz
D. 200,000 Hz

A

B. 4 MHz

29
Q

Identify all the waves that are inaudible.

A. 4 MHz
B. 400 kHz
C. 28 Hz
D. 2 Hz

A

A. 4 MHz
B. 400 kHz
D. 2 Hz

30
Q

Which of the following waves has the longest period?
A. 2 MHz
B. 4,000 Hz
C. 6 Hz
D. 1 kHz

A

C. 6 Hz

31
Q

Of the four waves whose periods are listed below, which has the highest frequency?
A. 8 s
B. 80 μs
C. 8 Ms
D. 800 ks

A

B. 80 μs

32
Q

Of the four waves whose frequencies are listed below, which has the shortest period?
A. 12 kHz
B. 6,000 Hz
C. 205 Hz
D. 1 kHz

A

A. 12 kHz

33
Q

Of the four waves whose periods are listed below, which had the lowest frequency?
A. 8 s
B. 80 μs
C. 8 Ms
D. 800 ks

A

C. 8 Ms

34
Q

The three “bigness” parameters…

A

Amplitude, power, intensity

35
Q

The bigness of the wave, or difference between the maximum value and the average or undisturbed value of an acoustic variable.

A

Amplitude

36
Q

Amplitude can have units of any of the acoustic variables, which are…

A

Pressure (pascals), density (g/cm^3), distance (particle motion)(cm/inches).
Can also be expressed in decibels (dB)

37
Q

In clinical imaging, pressure amplitude ranges from…

A

1 million pascals (1 MPa) to 3 million pascals (3 MPa)

38
Q

Initially, amplitude is determined only by the ______. However, amplitude ______ as sound propagates through the body.

A

sound source, decreases

39
Q

The rate at which amplitude decreases as sound propagates depends on the characteristics of both the ______ and the ______.

A

Sound wave, medium

40
Q

True or false? A control on a basic ultrasound system allows the sonographer to alter initial amplitude of a wave.

A

True

41
Q

Measured from the middle, or undisturbed, value to the maximum value.

A

Amplitude

42
Q

Difference between maximum and minimum values of an acoustic variable. Twice the value of amplitude.

A

Peak-to-peak amplitude

43
Q

The rate of energy transfer or the rate at which work is performed.

A

Power

44
Q

Power has units of…

A

Watts

45
Q

In clinical imaging, typical powers range from…

A

0.004 to 0.90 watts (4 to 90 milliwatts).

46
Q

When power increases, amplitude…

A

Increases

47
Q

Mathematically, power is proportional to the wave’s amplitude _______.

A

Squared, a number multiplied by itself

48
Q

Just like amplitude, initial power is determined only by the _________, the ultrasound system.

A

Sound source

49
Q

True or False? There is no control on ultrasound systems that allows the sonographer to alter the initial power of the wave.

A

False

50
Q

When you think of power, think of a…

A

Light bulb

51
Q

Concentration of energy in a sound beam.

A

Intensity

52
Q

To calculate intensity, divide the beam’s _________ by the beam’s __________ area.

A

Power, cross-sectional

53
Q

Intensity relates to how the power in a wave _______ or is ________ in the space.

A

Spreads, distributed

54
Q

Intensity depends on both the power in the _____ and the _____ over which the power is applied.

A

Beam, area

Ultrasound Physics (3 decks)

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