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Y3 Respiratory Pathology > Describing gross and histopathological respiratory lesions > Flashcards

Describing gross and histopathological respiratory lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of words you would use to describe the shape of a gross lesion?

A 
Linear
Irregular
Round
Multinodular
Depressed
Raised
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2
Q

What do the following colours of gross organs indicate?

  • Red
  • Black
  • Yellow
  • White
  • Brown
A
  • Haemorrhage
  • Melanin, putrefactive bacteria
  • Fat, bile, fibrin, exudate
  • Exudate, neoplasia, inflammation
  • Hemosiderin
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3
Q

What is the 7 point plan for describing a histo slide?

A
  • Organ
  • Location
  • Distribution
  • Cells
  • Numbers
  • Damage
  • Agents
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4
Q

Give examples of elements that could have been added to a tissue and will be seen histologically

A
  • inflammatory cells
  • haemorrhage
  • oedema
  • exudate
  • tumour cells
  • swelling
  • foreign body
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5
Q

Give examples of tissue loss and how it would be seen histologically

A
  • Atrophy
  • Necrosis
  • Atelectasis
  • Degeneration
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6
Q

Which cells would be seen in the acute phase of an inflammatory disease?

A

Neutrophils

RBCs

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7
Q

Which cells would be seen in the sub-acute phase of an inflammatory disease?

A

Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Occasionally eosinophils

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8
Q

Which cells would be seen in the chronic phase of an inflammatory disease?

A

Macrophages
Giant cells
Fibroblasts

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9
Q

Describe how you would identify the following cells:

  • Macrophage
  • Plasma cell
  • Lymphocyte
A
  • Purple staining, vacuolated, large
  • Purple staining, pale area seen north-east of the nucleus
  • Little cytoplasm, dark purple nuclei
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10
Q

Describe how you would identify the following cells:

  • Neutrophil
  • Fibroblast
  • Eosinophil
A
  • Segmented nucleus, pale staining cytoplasm
  • Not an inflammatory cells but for repair, flattened, pink staining nucleus
  • pink granular cytoplasm with purple staining nucleus
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11
Q

How would you describe damaged tissue on a histology slide?

A
  • Necrosis will lead to degeneration, fragmentation and release of protein rich cytoplasmic debris
  • Dead cells are irregular and hard to identify
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12
Q

How does protein appear histologically, what does the depth of staining indicate?

A

Pink (eosinophilic)

- the depth of pink staining reflects the amount i.e. oedema is lightly eosinophilic but fibrin dark pink.

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13
Q

Strands or mesh like appearance indicates?

A

Fibrin

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14
Q

Which aetiological agents may be possible to identify histologically?

A

Bacteria (clumps of fine basophilic granules), fungi, helminths + protozoa are sometimes identifiable

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15
Q

How would you go about describing a tumour histologically?

A
  • Location
  • Boundaries
  • Malignant or benign?
  • Structures formed and types of cells forming them
  • Variation in tumour cell and nuclear size
  • mitotic figures
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16
Q

What is often visible around malignant tumours?

A

Often create damage with surrounding tissue necrosis + haemorrhage so can get some inflammatory cells.

17
Q

What histological features are normal to see in the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • Connective tissue
  • Supporting cartilage
  • Blood vessels
  • Fibrous tissue
18
Q

Which parts of the respiratory system make up the URT?

A
  • nasal cavity
  • turbinates
  • guttural pouch
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • up to the secondary bronchi
19
Q

What histological features are normal to see in the lung?

A
  • alveolar air spaces
  • fine, alveolar epithelial network
  • bronchi, bronchioles
  • blood vessels
  • odd alveolar macrophage
20
Q

How does the histology of a bronchus and bronchioles differ?

A 
Bronchus:
- Cartilage support
- Columnar to cuboidal 
- Large diameter
Bronchiole:
- No cartilage
- A lot less cilia 
- more vulnerable to infection
21
Q

How does the appearance of type I and type II pneumocytes differ histologically?

A

Type I = very flattened

Type II = Cuboidal

22
Q

How will additions change the overall consistency of the lung?

A

It will feel more dense as there is more material present

23
Q

Describe the shape of fibroblasts

A
  • Spindle shaped
  • Flattened
  • Elongated
24
Q

Thin type 1 epithelium alveolar wall loss is indicative of?

A

Emphysema

25
Q

In an airway ciliated columnar epithelium loss is indicative of?

A

Ulceration

26
Q

How can you differentiate exudate vs oedema?

A

Eosinophilic material – highly variable colour depending on protein concentration

  • Exudate has a higher conc of protein so is a darker pink
  • Oedema is a very pale pink

Y3 Respiratory Pathology (5 decks)

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